1 / 42

Properties of Water Topics covered in this lecture can be found in Chapters 6 and 7

Properties of Water Topics covered in this lecture can be found in Chapters 6 and 7. Most of Earth’s water is in the oceans and seas. True False. 20. PLANET WATER. 70.8% OF EARTH IS COVERED BY WATER 97% in SW of oceans and seas 2% FW Lakes and rivers 1% snow and ice as glaciers

carolinacollins
Download Presentation

Properties of Water Topics covered in this lecture can be found in Chapters 6 and 7

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Properties of Water Topics covered in this lecture can be found in Chapters 6 and 7

  2. Most of Earth’s water is in the oceans and seas. • True • False 20

  3. PLANET WATER • 70.8% OF EARTH IS COVERED BY WATER • 97% in SW of oceans and seas • 2% FW Lakes and rivers • 1% snow and ice as glaciers • 0.00057% - atmospheric water.

  4. An ion is an atom or molecule where the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons, giving it a net positive or negative electrical charge.

  5. Types of Bonds Ionic – electrons are gained or lost Covalent – electrons are shared Hydrogen – intermolecular bond of H w/ an electronegative atom.

  6. Figure A4.4 NaCl Sodium Chloride Na+ Cl-

  7. Electron (–1 unit of charge) Nucleus (+1 unit of charge) Two hydrogen atoms... share their electrons with one oxygen atom... to form a water molecule held together by covalent bonds... which acts as if it has negative and positive ends. 105° 2 –

  8. The Water Molecule Dipole or a polar molecule

  9. Remember….. Weaker Hydrogen Bonds form BETWEEN water molecules…… Stronger Covalent Bonds form WITHIN water molecules……

  10. Cohesion Makes the beading H Bonds are responsible for water molecules “sticking” together…..

  11. Ex. Surface Tension

  12. Adhesion Makes the beads stay in place H Bonds are responsible for water molecules “stick” or “adhere” to solids…..

  13. Matter exists as Liquid, Solid and Gas……. To change it from one form to another one must… Add or remove HEAT!

  14. Is there a difference between temperature & heat? • Yes • No 25

  15. Is there a difference between heat and temperature? YES! Heat– energy produced by the random vibration of atoms or molecules. Heat measures how many molecules are vibrating and how rapidly… Temperatureobject’s response to input or removal of heat

  16. Temperature….

  17. Heat can come from:

  18. Calorie – the amount of heat required to raise temperature of one gram of water by 1°C

  19. Heat Capacity – is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a substance by 1 degree centigrade. High heat capacity – then the substance can absorb or lose large quantities of heat with only a small change in temperature.

  20. Latent Heat Quantity of heat gained or lost per unit of mass as a substance undergoes a change of state. Sweating cools you…… HOT STEAM – can burn!

  21. Water Becomes Less Dense When It Freezes

  22. Water’s Temperature Affects Its Density

  23. Surface Water Moderates Global Temperature • Thermostatic properties – act to moderate temperature changes • Thermal inertia – tendency to resist change in temperature • Annual freeze/thaw of ice moderates Earth’s temperature • More than 18,000 cubic kilometers of ice thaws and refreezes in the Southern Hemisphere each year

  24. Movement of Water Vapor from Tropics to Poles

  25. Figure 5.9

  26. Latitude, temperature, and salinity

  27. Ocean Is Stratified by Density • Three zones • Surface zone / mixed layer • Pycnocline • Deep zone

  28. “Day after day, day after day, We stuck, nor breath nor motion; As idle as a painted ship Upon a painted ocean. Water, water, everywhere, And all the boards did shrink; Water, water, everywhere, Nor any drop to drink.” - The Rime of the Ancient Mariner

  29. Plants = 95% water jellyfish= 99% water Humans = 65% water Our blood = 83% water http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=paH97dYR6Lg

  30. Water is the Universal Solvent - it can dissolve nearly everything!

  31. This matters in oceanography because….. Salinity • Is the total amount of solid material dissolved in water (not including dissolved organic substances; it is the ratio of the mass of dissolved substances to the mass of the water sample. • It does not include fine particles in suspension.

  32. Rain dissolves rocks http://brianingraham.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/08/rain.jpg

  33. http://jerusalemperspective.com/images/Photo_Essays/sea_of_galilee/Jordan_River_entering_Sea_of_Galilee_aerial.jpghttp://jerusalemperspective.com/images/Photo_Essays/sea_of_galilee/Jordan_River_entering_Sea_of_Galilee_aerial.jpg Dissolved compounds (ions) accumulate in ocean basins

  34. Ocean salinity based on balance between input and output of ions

  35. We express salinity in….. • Parts per thousand • ‰ • Example: 35‰ - • is equal to 35 grams of salt in every 1000 grams of seawater.

  36. How do we measure Salinity? Principle of Constant Proportion – The major dissolved constituents responsible for the salinity of seawater occur nearly everywhere in the ocean in exact same proportions, regardless of salinity. Salinity = 1.80655 x chlorinity (‰)

More Related