Resistance, Rebellion, and Revolution (1750-1775)

1. Resistance, Rebellion, and Revolution (1750-1775)

2. I. French and Indian War • 7 Year’s War: 1754-1763 • 1750-France: 100,000; England: 2,000,000 • Both claimed land W. of the Appalachian Mts. • Ohio Valley: France fortifying to stop British moving West

3. French and Indian War (cont’d) • 1754-Lt. Col. George Washington • July 3, 1754-Washington surrenders • Albany Congress-Northern & Middle colonies tried to coordinate their policies about • Western settlement • Native Americans

4. Benjamin Franklin "Join or Die" Pennsylvania Gazette (Philadelphia), May 9, 1754

5. Albany Plan of Union—Confederation of colonies to provide for defense from European and Native American foes • Colonies: plan too restrictive! • Britain: too much independence!

6. William Pitt

7. II. Removing the French from North America • William Pitt—takes over as Prime Minister. • Conquer Canada! • Defeats French at Quebec, 1759, then Montreal 1760. • Peace of Paris 1763— • British: French Canada, FL, land east of Miss. R. • FranceLouisiana TerritorySpain

8. French and Indian War (cont’d) • Results: • Britain: dominant power in N. America • France removed from N. America • Britain unimpressed by colonial militias • Colonists: proud of fending off the French and Natives • Huge amounts of debt for the British after the war

9. III. Salutary Neglect Comes to an End • Britain: colonists can’t defend themselves • Pontiac’s Rebellion, 1763—Indians refused to hand over land to the British.

10. Salutary Neglect (cont’d) • Chief Pontiac (Ottawans) attacked colonial settlements. • British soldiers were sent to protect the coloniesrebellion ended after 18 months

11. Salutary Neglect (cont’d) • Proclamation of 1763— • Protect colonists from the Indians • Line barring American colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mts. • Way to make peace with the Indians. • Colonists: angry at the crown!!

13. IV. British Measures to Raise Revenue • Britain wanted colonies to pay!! • Currency Act, 1764—limited the use of colonial paper money • Sugar Acts, 1764—Raised the previous amount demanded on sweeteners (sugar & molasses) • Quartering Act, 1765—Required colonial citizens to provide room and board for British soldiers stationed there.

14. British Measures to Raise Revenue (cont’d )

15. Stamp Act • Stamp Act 1765– • Britain wanted a new colonial army • All colonial documents needed a tax stamp. • First direct taxpaid directly by the consumer • British Prime Minister, George Grenville • ”Colonists needed to pay their fair share...”

16. “No taxation without representation!!!”

17. V. Colonial Reaction to British Measures • Colonies were Angry!!! • Virginia: Patrick Henry • Virginia Resolves: Condemn Stamp Act; Britain violated their rights as Englishmen • “No taxation without representation.” • Only be taxed by Virginians, not England.

18. Colonial Reaction to British Measures (cont’d) 4. Mass.: Stamp Act Congress—James Otis • Only colonial legislatures could tax the colonists • External Taxes ok for traded goods • Internaltaxes—only be passed by locally elected officials • Virtual representation—Parliament acted on the colonists behalf

19. VI. Colonial Boycott and the Townshend Act • Sons and Daughters of Liberty

20. Colonial Boycott and the Townshend Act (cont’d) • Led by Sam Adams—Intimidated tax collectors • Attacked homes • Burned them in effigy • Ransacked warehouses with stamps

21. 4. Tar and Feathering

22. Colonial Boycott and the Townshend Act (cont’d) • Boycotts—wear homemade clothing; drink Dutch tea • Worked!—Hurt British trade • Parliament repealed the Stamp Act in 1766 • Declaratory Act: Right of the Crown to tax the colonies in the future

23. Charles Townshend • Punish the rebellious Colonies • Townshend Acts 1767: Taxes on goods like glass, paper, tea paid by the buyer.

24. Writs of Assistance: Let customs officials conduct warrantless searches. • Massachusetts Circular Letter, 1768: Sam Adams • No difference between external & internal taxes • Townshend Acts must be repealed. • Boycott of British goods. • Prime Minister, Lord North, repeals them in 1770

25. The Boston Massacre (March 5,1770)

26. VII. Boston Responds to Taxation • 1770-1772, relative calm • Quartering Act—British troops had been in the city to protect the port and custom duties • Boston Massacre: British troops killed 5; wounded 6 protestors

27. 4. Committee of Correspondence: Created by Sam Adams • Share information on British activities • Share details of demonstrations, protests • Perhaps, First permanent machinery of protest in the colonies.

28. The Gaspee Incident (1772) Providence, RI coast

29. Gaspee: British warship; intercept ships smuggling goods • Gaspee ran aground, some Sons dressed as Indians, boarded the ship, marched the crew off, then set fire to the ship • Celebrated as a victory for the tax-burdened customer

30. Boston Tea Party (1775)

31. 1773 Tea Act: Actually lowered the price of tea • Colonists refused to purchase the tea • Dressed as Indians, colonists dumped a shipment of tea into the water • Lord North was angry • Set out to punish the colonists

32. 10. Coercive (Intolerable) Acts: 1. Close Boston Harbor 2. Revoke the charter of Mass. Colony 3. Put under crown control 4. Expand the Quartering Act

33. Quebec Act: • ↑ religious freedom of French Catholics • Catholicism, to the Protestants, equated with the absolutist French monarchy of the 18th century • Former French region to be self-sufficient & expanded its border