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The Digestive System

PART 4. The Digestive System. The Pancreas. Exocrine function Acinar cells make, store, and secrete pancreatic enzymes Enzymes are activated in the duodenum Endocrine function Produces insulin and glucagon Regulates blood sugar. The Exocrine Pancreas: Histology. Figure 22.29a, b.

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The Digestive System

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  1. PART 4 The Digestive System

  2. The Pancreas • Exocrine function • Acinar cells make, store, and secrete pancreatic enzymes • Enzymes are activated in the duodenum • Endocrine function • Produces insulin and glucagon • Regulates blood sugar

  3. The Exocrine Pancreas: Histology Figure 22.29a, b

  4. Disorders of the Digestive System • Intestinal obstruction • Mechanical obstructions • Adhesions, tumors, or foreign objects • Nonmechanical obstruction • Halt in peristalsis • Trauma • Intestines touched during surgery

  5. Disorders of the Digestive System • Inflammatory bowel disease • Inflammation of intestinal wall • Crohn’s disease • Ulcerative colitis • Viral hepatitis • Jaundice and flu-like symptoms • Major types – A, B, C, and G

  6. Disorders of the Digestive System • Cystic Fibrosis and the Pancreas • Pancreatic ducts become blocked with mucus • Clogged ducts prevent pancreatic juices from entering small intestine • Leads to malabsorption of fats and other nutrients

  7. Embryonic Development of the Digestive System • Alimentary canal formed in week three • Encloses tubular portion of yolk sac • Vitelline duct • Landmark dividing into three regions • Forgut • Midgut • Hindgut

  8. Embryonic Development of the Digestive System Figure 22.30a, b

  9. The Digestive System in Later Life • Middle age – gallstones and ulcers • Old age – activity of digestive organs decline • Fewer digestive juices and enzymes produced • Absorption is less efficient • Dehydration of fecal mass leads to constipation • Diverticulosis and cancer of digestive organs

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