Part Four

1. Part Four Language Study ENTER

2. Language Study Contents • Word Study • Phrases and Expressions • Word Building

3. Word Study Word list: • bolt • curl • drizzle • embolden • obliterate • 6. perplex • platitude • scurry • secluded • shriek

4. Word Study • bolt cf. • vi. a)to run away quickly猛冲，逃跑 • b)to move; to break away迅速移动 • vt. c)to fasten with strong rods and bar • 拴住，使······和在一块 • d)to swallow food or drink hurriedly • 匆匆吞下，咽下 blot To be continued on the next page.

5. Word Study • Examples: • a)He bolted out of his house. • b)Eyes bolted towards the stranger. • c) He bolted the door on the inside. • d)He bolted down a hurried breakfast. • a bolt from (out of) the blue晴天霹雳，意外的事 • bolt upright笔直 • make a bolt (for it)赶快逃走

6. Word Study 2. curl v. a)to form into a spiral or curved shape 卷曲，扭曲；缠绕 b)to grow in or form curls or ringlets （烟）缭绕升起；蜷曲 Examples: • The hairdresser curled Mary’s hair. • She kept curling her handkerchief around one finger. • Smoke curled from the chimney. • A snake curled around the trunk of a tree.

7. Word Study 3. drizzle v.torain in fine drops Examples: • It drizzled throughout the night. • The insecticide drizzled over the plants. • The dew on the branches drizzled our hair. Word formation adj. drizzly

8. Word Study 4. embolden v.to give courage or confidence to sb. Examples: • He smiled and this emboldened her to ask him for help. • Emboldened by drink, he walked over to speak to her.

9. Word Study 5. obliterate v.to rub out or blot out Examples: • The heavy rain obliterated all footprints. • Anne was eager to obliterate her error. • They tried to obliterate the enemy’s bomb base. Translation 擦掉痕迹; 忘记； 消灭;

10. Word Study • perplex v. to cause to be puzzled or bewildered over what is not understood or certain; to make complicated and confused Examples: • The question perplexed him. • The boy perplexed his parents. • to perplex an issue adj.perplexed/perplexing n.perplexity Translation 使困惑，使费解； 使复杂化

11. Word Study 7. platitude n.(fml.) (derog.) boring and meaningless commonplace remark or statement, esp. when it is said as if it were new or interesting because it has been said so many times before 陈腐平凡的，老生常谈，陈词滥调 cf. cliché; commonplace; banal To be continued on the next page.

12. Word Study Example: • This speech was full of empty platitudes about (of) peace and democracy. adj.platitudinous v.platitudinize n.platitudinarian

13. Word Study 8. scurry v. / n.to run with short quick steps Examples: • It began to rain and we scurried home. • We heard mice scurrying about in the kitchen. • Dark clouds were being scurried across a grey sky by the wind. • a scurry of footsteps in the passage 急促脚步声 • Huge snow scurries. Translation 急赶，急转，疾走

14. Word Study 9. secluded adj.not visited or seen by many people; away from the company of others Examples: • This is the quietest and most secluded area of the city. • secluded life/monk/valley v. seclude (from) n. seclusion adj. seclusive Translation 隐居的，与世隔绝的； 僻静的

15. Word Study 10. shriek v. / n.to shout in a loud high voice because you are frightened, excited, or surprised Examples: • The woman trapped under the piles of debris raised her voice to a shriek. • She shrieked an alarm at him. Translation 尖叫，尖声叫喊 The end of word study.

16. Phrases and Expressions list: • come upon • curl up • drift out • drop off • in view • 6. not to mention • 7. on one’s hands • 8. on the/a rampage • 9. to the day • 10. wind one’s way

17. Phrases and Expressions 1. come upon 碰上，偶然遇上; 冲向，袭来 Examples: • I came upon an old friend when I was shopping in the store. • Fear came upon her as she waited.

18. Phrases and Expressions 2. curl up 卷起，撅起（嘴唇）； （因恐惧、羞愧、厌恶）使蜷缩，扭曲身体 Examples: • She curled her mouth up in anger. • She curled herself up in the big armchair with a good book.

19. Phrases and Expressions 3. drift out （口）不经意（慢吞吞）走出来，走开，离开 Example: • The smoke pall drifted out to reveal the blackened shell of the building.

20. Phrases and Expressions 4. drop off （口）入睡，睡着；（逐个）走开，消失；放下，下降，掉下 Examples: • She dropped off in front of the fire while watching TV. • Her friends dropped off into the shadows. • Can you drop me off at a supermarket?

21. Phrases and Expressions • in view 在能看见的范围内；在考虑中；在注意中 Examples: • The sea came in view as we came out of the forest. • Dream pursuer has kept his goal in view. To be continued on the next page.

22. Phrases and Expressions in view of鉴于，由于 to the view在展出 with a view to 以······为目标 come in view of 出现在······视线中 come /burst into view （突然）出现在眼前 disappear/be lost from view 看不见了 block/obstruct/shut off/spoil the view 挡住某人的视线

23. Phrases and Expressions • not to mention without mentioning 更不必说······，除······以外还 Examples: • We are served French champagne, not to mention the usual cocktails. • David is handsome and smart, not to mention being a good athlete.

24. Phrases and Expressions • on one’s hands 受照顾；需要负责；可自由支配 Examples: • She has a large family on her hands. 她有许多子女要照顾。 • I have an empty house on my hands. 我手里有一所空房子要处理掉。 • He has got much time on his hands. 他有许多时间可自由支配。 To be continued on the next page.

25. Phrases and Expressions at hand:在附近，在手边 on hand: 现在，在手头；到场出席；即将发生 in hand: 手里拿着；在掌握中；（工作等）在进行中（讨究）

26. Phrases and Expressions 8. on the/a rampage 横冲直撞；暴跳如雷 Examples: • The escaped elephant was on the rampage for two days. • The rioters went on a rampage and vandalized many shops.

27. Phrases and Expressions • to the day 恰好，刚好，一天不差 Examples: • three years ago to the day一天不差恰好三年前 • 40 years ago to the day四十年前的今天 cf. to this day 直到现在，迄今 of the day 当代的，当时的

28. Phrases and Expressions 10. wind one’s way 迂回而行，弯曲经过 Examples: • The brook wound its way through the fields. • She wound her way into his confidence. The end of Phrases and Expressions.

29. III. Word Building—Vocabulary Expansion shimmering: shining unevenly/seeming to move slightly other words denoting “to send forth light” glimmer glisten glitter sparkle twinkle To be continued on the next page.

30. III. Word Building—Vocabulary Expansion e.g. • Everything about her shimmered and glimmered softly, as if her dress had been woven out of candle-beams. • The sweatglistenedon his forehead. • jewelsglitteringin the display case • crystal glassessparklingin the candlelight • a few stars, twinkling faintly in the deep blue of the night sky To be continued on the next page.

31. III. Word Building—Vocabulary Expansion general verbs specific verbs look/see/watch scan （细查，扫视） glimpse（瞥见，简短的一瞥） glare（怒目而视） stare（凝视） gaze（集中注意力看，凝视） glance（粗略地看一下，扫视） peep （窥视，偷窥） peek（瞥一眼，偷窥） peer（细看） Identify these words. To be continued on the next page.

32. III. Word Building—Vocabulary Expansion bolt (to run in a sudden way) 迅速移动，惊跑 dash 猛冲， hurry 快速移动 jog 慢跑 plunge 冲入，俯冲 rush 冲，猛攻；奔泻 scurry 疾跑，急赶 trot 小跑 run To be continued on the next page.

33. III. Word Building—Vocabulary Expansion hike (to go for along walk for fun or exercise) 远足，长途步行 march (to walk steadily) 齐步前进，行进 race 踱步 ramble 漫步闲逛 shuffle (to walk without taking your feet from the ground) 曳脚而行，拖着步子走 step (a short distance) 走，跨步 stride (to take long steps) 大步行走，跨 stroll (to walk with out hurrying, often for pleasure) 溜达，闲逛，散步 tiptoe 惦着脚尖走 walk To be continued on the next page.

34. III. Word Building—Vocabulary Expansion Specific words vividly describe the actions for minute description. jerk:to pull something suddenly using a lot of force George raced to the window and jerked back the curtains. grab:to take hold of something in a rough or rude way He grabs a knife and dives at the robber. appeal drift peek reassure (assure, insure) rotate Find more examples from the text. To be continued on the next page.

35. III. Word Building—Vocabulary Expansion adjective suffixes summarized • -ful: useful, beautiful, powerful • -less: hopeless, homeless, useless • -able: desirable, comparable, reasonable • -ible: visible, responsible, possible To be continued on the next page.

36. III. Word Building—Vocabulary Expansion • -ive: impressive, active, protective • -ic: symbolic, economic, idealistic • -ant: important, distant, dominant • -ent: consistent, frequent, persistent To be continued on the next page.

37. III. Word Building—Vocabulary Expansion • -ist: colonialist, fundamentalist, individualist • -ese: Chinese, Japanese, Nepalese • -(i)an: Russian, Canadian, American • -y: rosy, dusty, skinny To be continued on the next page.

38. III. Word Building—Vocabulary Expansion • -ly: homely, friendly, orderly • -en: wooden, woolen, golden • -ary: revolutionary, voluntary, military • -ory: preparatory, compulsory, introductory To be continued on the next page.

39. III. Word Building—Vocabulary Expansion There is no escaping/denying the recognition that the city was very beautiful. (Para. 12) • There is no verb.+ing… There is no denying that… • There's no escaping being human. (We can never escape who we are.) • There is no escaping the fact that he has lied. (One cannot escape from the fact that he has lied.) To be continued on the next page.

40. III. Word Building—Vocabulary Expansion More examples: • There was no knowing how long he might be away. • There’s no telling when an outburst might come. • There’s no escaping the dust in Spring. • There is no telling how long he might be away. • There’s no escaping mental stress these days. Life is tough. • There is no denying the fact that these people have a reason to be angry. To be continued on the next page.

41. III. Word Building—Vocabulary Expansion • There is no arguing with someone who refuses to listen. • He knew that from that day onward there was no going back. • There was no mistaking his intention this time. • There is no denying that he is bad-tempered and selfish. But he’s also a genius. The end of word Building.

42. Part Four Language Study This is the end of Part Four. Please click HOME to visit other parts.