1 / 24

Antiviral agents

Antiviral agents. Viruses treatable with antiviral drugs. HSV VZV CMV HIV Influenza A and B Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) Hepatitis A, B, and C viruses (HAV;HBV;HCV) Papilloma Picornavirus. Agents active against Herpesviruses-I. Acyclovir Cidofovir Famciclovir and penciclovir

carter
Download Presentation

Antiviral agents

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Antiviral agents

  2. Viruses treatable with antiviral drugs • HSV • VZV • CMV • HIV • Influenza A and B • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) • Hepatitis A, B, and C viruses (HAV;HBV;HCV) • Papilloma • Picornavirus

  3. Agents active against Herpesviruses-I • Acyclovir • Cidofovir • Famciclovir and penciclovir • Foscarnet • Fomivirsen

  4. Agents active against Herpesviruses-II • Ganciclovir • Valacyclovir • Valganciclovir • Vidarabine • Topical agents: -Trifluridine -Vidarabine

  5. Revolution in the field of Infectious diseases: • The availability of • Increasing number of antiviral agents • Against a broadening spectrum of viral pathogens

  6. Mechanism of action of antiviral agents • is essential , • for appropriate clinical use and • for understanding and managing antiviral resistance !

  7. Acyclovir • HSV encephalitis • Neonatal HSV infection • Primer genital HSV • Mucosal and cutaneous HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections in immunocompromised patients • VZV infection • Recurrent genital herpes

  8. Acyclovir resistance • Mutation • either in viral TK or • DNA polymerase genes.

  9. Cidofovir • Broad activity: -adenoviruses -herpesviruses -papovaviruses -poxviruses

  10. Cidofovir • Prophylaxis and treatment of CMV retinitis in patients with AIDS • Acyclovir and foscarnet resistent HSV infections

  11. Famciclovir and Penciclovir • DNA polimerase inhibitor • Nucleoside analogue • Famciclovir: synthetic • Active metobolite: penciclovir • 1% topical penciclovir

  12. Famciclovir • Singles (acute zoster) • Genital HSV • Mucocutaneous HSV in HIV infected patients

  13. Foscarnet • Pyrophosphate analogue • DNA polymerase inhibitor • RT inhibitor • Active agains all herpesviruses, HIV, HBV

  14. Foscarnet • CMV retinitis in AIDS patients • Acyclovir resistant mucuccutaneous HSV infections in AIDS patients • Gancyclovir resistant CMV pulmoner infections in AIDS patients • Acyclovir resistant VZV infections in AIDS patients

  15. Fomivirsen • Inhibits viral replication by antisense mechanism: its a nucleotide sequence which is complementary to a sequence in mRNA transkript and translation is inhibited. • Intravitreal injection for CMV retinitis

  16. Ganciclovir • Guanoside analogue • DNA polimerase inhibitor • Similar to acyclovir • i.v, oral and intraocular application

  17. Ganciclovir • Prevention and treatment of • CMV retinitis in AIDS patients • CMV disease in transplant patients

  18. Valacyclovir • Active metobolite= acyclovir

  19. Vidarabine • Nucleosid analogue • First licensed systemic antiviral agent • Acyclovir has supplanted vidarabine

  20. Topical agents for HSV keratitis • Trifluridine • Vidarabine

  21. Interferons • Low molecular weight proteins • With complex antiviral, immunomodulating, antiproliferative activities. • Produced by eucaryotic cells in response to various inducers: viruses • 3 types: IFN-a, IFN-β , INF- δ • IFN-a2b: widest application • Pegilated- IFN-a: + polyethylene glycol to the interferon, through a process known as pegylation, enhances the half-life of the interferon when compared to its native form.

  22. HIV(Human immunodeficeincy virus) • Nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors:Zidovudine (azidothymidine) • Non- Nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors • Protease inhibitors • Fusion inhibitors • Integrase inhibitors

  23. Hepatitis C: Interferon-a, ribavirin • Hepatitis B: INF-a, lamivudine (reverse transcriptase inhibitor), adefovir, … • Papillomavirus: Interferon-a • RSV: Ribavirin • CMV:ganciclovir, foscarnet • VZV: valacyclovir, famciclovir • Picornavirus: pleconaril

  24. Anti-influenza drugs • Influenza A: • Amantadine • Rimantadine 2. Influenza A and B • Zanamivir: enzyme inhibitors of neurominidase, virus release is inhibited. • Oseltamavir: the same • The length of disease is reduced if taken within the first 48hours

More Related