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MCB100 Introductory Microbiology March 4, 2019 Chapter 5 - Microbial Metabolism

MCB100 Introductory Microbiology March 4, 2019 Chapter 5 - Microbial Metabolism. www.ucmp. berkeley.edu/bacteria/spirulina.jpg. FINAL EXAM MCB100 Spring 2019 Monday, May 6, 2019 8 – 11 am

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MCB100 Introductory Microbiology March 4, 2019 Chapter 5 - Microbial Metabolism

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  1. MCB100 Introductory Microbiology March 4, 2019 Chapter 5 - Microbial Metabolism www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/bacteria/spirulina.jpg

  2. FINAL EXAM MCB100 Spring 2019 Monday, May 6, 2019 8 – 11 am If your last name please take the exam starts within room A – K 149 NSRC L – Z 112 Gregory Hall

  3. More Metabolic Pathways Entner-Doudoroff Pathway - an alternative way of converting one glucose to two pyruvates - requires only 1 ATP per glucose to get the reactions started - yields a profit of 1 ATP per glucose to 2 pyruvates Gluconeogenesis - reverse of glycolysis, synthesis of sugar from pyruvate - requires input of 6 ATPs to convert two pyruvates to one glucose - many of the reactions are just reversed glycolysis reactions - two of the irreversible glycolysis reactions are bypassed Pentose-phosphate Pathway Synthesis of amino acids from glycolysis & Krebs cycle intermediates Synthesis of glycolysis & Krebs cycle intermediates from amino acids Synthesis and Degradation of Fatty Acids Alcohol Metabolism

  4. Gluconeogenesis genesis = to make neo = new gluco = sugar To make one glucose molecule from two molecules of pyruvate requires the energy from six ATPs.

  5. The Pentose Phosphate Pathway The pentose phosphate pathway is another way glucose can be broken down to carbon dioxide but it has the added advantage of making 5-carbon sugars that are needed for nucleotide synthesis. pent = five -ose = sugar

  6. Lipid MetabolismFatty Acid Synthesis and Degradation Fatty Acids  Acetyl CoA (beta-oxidation) Acetyl Co A  Fatty Acids (fatty acid synthesis) Beta-oxidation of fatty acids see page 142 of the Bauman Text

  7. Additional Metabolic Pathways The Entner-Doudoroff Pathway is: A. Synthesis of sugars from smaller metabolic intermediates such as pyruvate or oxaloacetic acid B. An alternative path for converting glucose to pyruvate C. A pathway that involves breaking glucose down to carbon dioxide with the involvement of 5-carbon sugars D. A series of reactions that results in the breakdown of a large fatty acid to form molecules of Acetyl-CoA

  8. Additional Metabolic Pathways The Entner-Doudoroff Pathway is: A. Synthesis of sugars from smaller metabolic intermediates such as pyruvate or oxaloacetic acid (gluconeogenesis) B. An alternative path for converting glucose to pyruvate C. A pathway that involves breaking glucose down to carbon dioxide with the involvement of 5-carbon sugars(pentose phosphate pathway) D. A series of reactions that results in the breakdown of a large fatty acid to form molecules of Acetyl-CoA (beta-oxidation)

  9. The 20 Amino Acids Commonly Found in Proteins

  10. Links Between Carbohydrate and Amino Acid Metabolism

  11. 3-Phosphoglycerate  Serine HOOC-CHOH-CH2OPO32- HOOC-CHNH2-CH2OH 1 2 3 1 2 3 Pyruvate  Alanine HOOC-CO-CH3 HOOC-CHNH2-CH3 1 2 3 1 2 3 Alpha-keto glutarate  Glutamic Acid HOOC-CO-CH2-CH2-COOH HOOC-CHNH2-CH2-CH2-COOH 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 Oxaloacetic Acid  Aspartic AcidHOOC-CO-CH2-COOH HOOC-CHNH2-CH2-COOH 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

  12. Also: see figure 5.30 on page 150 of the text.

  13. Amination:an amino group gets added to an organic compoundDeamination:an amino group is removed from an organic compound Transamination:an amino group is moved from one organic compound to another organic compound

  14. Glutamic Acid (AKA glutamate) can be made from the 5-C Krebs cycle intermediate alpha-keto-glutarate by an amination reaction. This reaction is reversible, a-keto-glutarate can be made from glutamic acid by a deamination reaction.

  15. OTHER AMINO ACIDS ARE MADE BY TRANSAMINATION REACTIONS Aspartic acid can be made from the 4-C Krebs cycle intermediate oxaloacetic acid by a transamination reaction where the amino group from glutamic acid is transferred to OAA. Alanine can be made from pyruvate by a similar transamination. Serine can be made from the 3-C glycolysis intermediate 3-phosphoglycerate in three steps, one of them a transamination. These reactions are reversible. This is how glycolysis and Krebs cycle intermediates can be made from amino acids.

  16. Glutamic acid, Aspartic acid, Serine and Alanine can be used as starting material to make other amino acids.

  17. Amino Acid Biosynthesis What amino acid can be made in one step from the Krebs cycle intermediate oxaloacetic acid? A. Alanine B. Serine C. Cysteine D. Glutamic Acid E. Aspartic Acid

  18. Amino Acid Biosynthesis What amino acid can be made in one step from the Krebs cycle intermediate oxaloacetic acid? A. Alanine B. Serine C. Cysteine D. Glutamic Acid E. Aspartic Acid

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