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‘One beetle too many’ The emerald ash-borer threatens Fraxinus trees in Europe

‘One beetle too many’ The emerald ash-borer threatens Fraxinus trees in Europe Brigitta Wessels, Ernst-Jan Scholte 14 December 2007. Emerald ash borer ( Agrilus plannipennis ) Coleoptera: Familie Buprestidae. Adults length: 7.5 to 15.0 mm Body : narrow , elongate

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‘One beetle too many’ The emerald ash-borer threatens Fraxinus trees in Europe

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  1. ‘One beetle too many’ The emerald ash-borer threatens Fraxinus trees in Europe Brigitta Wessels, Ernst-Jan Scholte 14 December 2007

  2. Emerald ash borer (Agrilus plannipennis) Coleoptera: Familie Buprestidae • Adults • length: 7.5 to 15.0 mm • Body : narrow , elongate • Colour: coppery-green • Eyes: large, kidney-shaped

  3. Larvae are flatheaded borers 4 larval stagescreamy white in colour

  4. Host: Es Es (Fraxinus spp.) Es (Fraxinusspp.)

  5. Life cycle Agrillus planipennis Es (Fraxinusspp.) Female lays eggs on bark

  6. Larvae develop in wood (1-2 years) Female lays eggs on bark

  7. Larvae develop in wood (1-2 years) Adults emerge, live for 2-3 weeks Female lays eggs on bark

  8. Larvae develop in wood (1-2 years) Adults emerge, live for 2-3 weeks Female lays eggs on bark Mating

  9. Host Range: • Fraxinus spp. (In Dutch: es) • Fraxinus americana (white ash) • F. nigra (black ash) • F. pensylvanica (downy ash) • F. chinensis • F. lanuginosa • F. mandshurica (Japanese ash) • F. rhynchophylla • F. japonica • F. nigra • F. excelsior • Some species of Ulmus (elm), Juglans (walnut), Pterocarya (japanese wingnut)

  10. Distribution: Original distribution: Eastern Asia (Russian Far East, China, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Taiwan) Introduced into: - Canada (Ontario, 2002) - USA (Michigan 2002, Ohio 2003, Maryland 2003, Virginia 2004, Indiana 2004, Illinois 2006, Pensylvania 2007 - Russia:Moscow 2007 Canada USA

  11. Symptoms of infestation 1) Crown dieback/chlorosis 2) Epicormic shoots 3) Bark deformities 4) Foliage feeding 5) Larval galleries 6) Emergence holes 1 4 2 3 5 6

  12. Different shaped exit holes

  13. Affected number of ash trees: In the USA more than 25 million. In the Canada (Essex, Ontario): 100.000. Damage: Larvae mine in stem and twigs disrupts transport of nutrients weakening of the tree trees dies after ± three years

  14. Control methods: • Insecticides • Cut, chip and burn • Ash free zone around infested area • Don’t move infested wood material Preventive measure: • preventive survey (PPS 2006,2007,2008)

  15. Risk for Europe • Agrilus plannipennis not present (yet?) • The species would be able to survive and have economic impact in many parts of Europe

  16. Distribution of Fraxinus excelsior (In Dutch: gewone es)

  17. Risk for Europe • Agrilus plannipennis not present (yet?) • The species would be able to survive and have economic impact in many parts of Europe • Control would be very difficult to achieve • Based on these factors, Agrilus planipennis has a quarantine status A1 for Europe • Import in Europe of packaging ash wood and living ash trees is a minimum

  18. Thank you for your attention

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