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Trend Analysis in Enrollment and Completion of Women and Minorities in STEM fields

Trend Analysis in Enrollment and Completion of Women and Minorities in STEM fields. MIAIR, November 3, 2016. Jessica Kijek & Bin Ning Eastern Michigan University. Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM). STEM occupation rate projected to grow by 17% in 2018

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Trend Analysis in Enrollment and Completion of Women and Minorities in STEM fields

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  1. Trend Analysis in Enrollment and Completion of Women and Minorities in STEM fields MIAIR, November 3, 2016 Jessica Kijek & Bin Ning Eastern Michigan University

  2. Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) • STEM occupation rate projected to grow by 17% in 2018 • Compared to 9.8% in non-STEM occupations

  3. Introduction • Concern over participation and achievement gaps among women and underrepresentation of ethnic minorities • This study looks at women and underrepresented minorities’ enrollment and completion in STEM fields from 2004 to 2014

  4. Literature review • STEM is the foundation for partnership and alliances in a global economy • Challenge of attracting and retaining STEM professionals to train subjects • As well as recruit and develop top students, scientists, and engineers • Legislative proposals introduced to increase programs in federal agencies to improve science and math education • Programs with emphasis on STEM have been formed to transform the current educational model toward a STEM education perspective • Persistent inequalities in STEM limit the future employment among women, low-income, and underrepresented minority students

  5. Methods • Focused on undergraduate programs • Data drawn from IPEDS 2004 and 2014 • 169 public, four-year universities classified as Master’s College and Universities—Large Programs • Universities play such a critical role in educating undergraduate students • Not necessarily focused on research but still make significant contributions to STEM education • Conducted overall trend analysis

  6. Stem fields included in this study

  7. Data Definition • Underrepresented minorities—All ethnic minorities groups, excluding Asian

  8. Research Questions • What are the overall undergraduate enrollment trends by ethnicity, gender, and geographic region between 2004 and 2014? • What is the overall trend in undergraduate degree completion within STEM fields between 2004 and 2014? • What are the changes of undergraduate STEM degree completion with regard to the mix of ethnicity and gender, as well as by geographic region?

  9. Total Enrollment • In 2004, the total enrollment in undergraduate degree programs in the 169 public master’s-large institutions was 1.45 million • As of 2014, the number reached 1.67 million

  10. Enrollment Trends by Gender

  11. Gender Enrollment Findings • In both 2004 and 2014, more women were enrolled in college than men • In 2004, 38% more women were enrolled in college • In 2014, 28% more women were enrolled in college • When comparing the enrollment trends from the two time frames, men had a higher increase, even though there were less enrolled • Enrollment of men increased 16% • Enrollment of women increased 12%

  12. Findings in Enrollment By Ethnic Minorities • Most of the undergraduate enrollment trends, organized according to ethnicity, increased significantly over the 10 year period • Underrepresented minorities increased 52% in overall enrollment status • Hispanic or Latino population almost doubled in enrollment with a 98% increase • American Indian or Alaska Native population decreased enrollment trends by 30%

  13. Trends in Enrollment By Ethnic Minorities

  14. Geographical enrollment Findings • 2004-2014 undergraduate enrollment increased in all geographic regions • Highest enrollment increase was in the Southwest (26%) and Far West (23%) • This increased enrollment nationwide may be attributed to the growing need to cultivate academic competencies in the job market

  15. Trends in Geographic Region Enrollment

  16. Undergrad stem Degree completions • In 2004, the total STEM undergraduate degree completion in the 169 public master’s-large institutions was around 43,500 • As of 2014, the number reached 74,600 (or by 72%)

  17. Undergraduate Degree Completion Within STEM Fields

  18. Findings for Undergrad Degrees Obtained within STEM Fields • The overall trend of undergraduate degree completion within STEM fields rose drastically • Total amount of degrees obtained in STEM fields increased by 72% • Increased in most fields • Highest increase was in Science Technologies/Technicians with 317% • Slight decrease in a few fields • -14% in Computer and Information Science and Support Services • -29% in Mechanic and Repair Technologies/Technicians

  19. STEM Completion BY Gender Findings • Degree completion at the undergraduate level for women in STEM fields increased 85% over the 10 year gap • Health Professions and Related Programs (128%) • Physical Sciences (70%) • Biological and Biomedical Sciences (63%) • Engineering Technologies and Engineering-related fields (4%) • In the field of Computer and Information Sciences and Support Services, degree completion in women decreased 44%

  20. Undergraduate STEM Degree completion in Women

  21. Breakdown of STEM Degree Completion in Gender

  22. Gender Findings • % growth in degree completion outpaced the enrollment growth • Significant gender gaps are still existing in many STEM fields • The growth in health professions is overwhelming • Important to consider the low number of female students in Computer and Information Sciences

  23. Ethic Minority STEM Degree completions • Underrepresented Minorities increased trends in undergraduate degree completion in STEM fields by 105% • Mathematics and Statistics (266%) • Health Professions and Related Programs (166%)

  24. Undergraduate degree completion in STEM fields in underrepresented Minorities

  25. STEM Completion by Ethnic Minority Results • Hispanic or Latino ethnicities reported the highest increase for undergraduate degree completion within STEM fields compared to the other minority groups • 172% in Mathematics and Statistics • 278% in Health Professions and Related Programs • African Americans remain underrepresented in all STEM fields besides Health Professions and Related Programs • Attributed to the lower college graduation rates and education credentials required to obtain a STEM field job

  26. Trends in Degree Completion by Geographical Region • All categories in the undergraduate degree completion within STEM fields rose drastically, increasing well over 50% in almost all locations • Highest increase in Rocky Mountains (125%) and Great Lakes (84%) • Growth may be contributed to well established institutional and industrial systems • State funding priorities

  27. Undergraduate Degree Completion Within STEM Fields by geographic region

  28. Conclusions • Public four-year universities play an important role in awarding bachelor degrees and educating STEM graduates • Total enrollment in 2014 of 1.67 million students in undergraduate programs • 74,596 in undergraduate degree completion in STEM fields in 2014 • Rapid increase in overall enrollment in STEM fields for women and underrepresented minorities • Increase is uneven among all STEM disciplines as well as by geographic region

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