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Inside the Earth

Inside the Earth. Why is geology important?. Layers of the Earth. If we could take a chunk out of the Earth, we would see that it is made up of different layers. Layers of the Earth. Earth is made up of 3 main layers Crust Mantle Core

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Inside the Earth

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  1. Inside the Earth

  2. Why is geology important?

  3. Layers of the Earth • If we could take a chunk out of the Earth, we would see that it is made up of different layers.

  4. Layers of the Earth • Earth is made up of 3 main layers • Crust • Mantle • Core • Each layer has it’s own individual composition and physical properties.

  5. Physical Properties and Composition • Composition= what it’s made of • Physical properties= characteristic that is unique and helps to identify the substance (temp, size, shape, color) • Example: Chocolate Chip Cookies • Composition- flour, eggs, sugar, chocolate chips, baking powder, butter • Properties- round, rough, sweet, tan and black, hot, lumpy,

  6. Layers of the Earth(p90) • CRUST • Physical Properties: • outermost layer • thinnest layer (5-70km thick) • Surface temperature • 1% of Earth’s mass • where we live • touches the atmosphere • Composition: • consists of loose rocks & soil

  7. Crust • Very thin

  8. 2 Types of Crust • Continental Crust: dry land, granite less dense Oceanic Crust: ocean floor, Basalt, thinner than cont. crust but more dense

  9. Layers of the Earth • MANTLE • Physical Properties: • thickest layer (2900km thick) • 1600-4000 F • 66% of earth’s mass • flowing • Composition: • Molten rock • Magma

  10. Layers of the Earth • CORE • Physical properties: • HOT! 4000-8000 F • Very dense • High pressure • 4000 miles from surface • 33% of Earth’s mass • About the same size as Mars • Composition: • Iron and Nickel (metals)

  11. What have you noticed about temperature and pressure? • As you get deeper inside the Earth, temperature Increases • As you get deeper inside the Earth, pressure Increases

  12. Layers of the Earth • The 3 main layers of the Earth can be divided further by the way they “act” within the Earth and by their different physical properties.

  13. LithosphereCrust and upper Mantle • outermost layer – includes crust and upper mantle • rigid • divided into pieces or tectonic plates • Rocks and soil

  14. AsthenosphereMiddle Mantle • composed of solid flowing rock • layer on which pieces of lithosphere move on top (solid rock that flows) • Think of it like caramel

  15. MesosphereBottom Mantle • strong, lower part of the mantle • layer between asthenosphere and core

  16. The CoreOuter and Inner • The core is divided into two parts • Outer Core: • Liquid iron and nickel that’s spinning • Inner Core: • Solid iron and nickel • Solid because of all the pressure of the rest of the Earth surrounding it.

  17. How do we know? • Seismic waves produced by earthquakes travel at different speeds through solid rock and liquids

  18. Layers of the Earth

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