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FINLAND AS A ROLE-MODEL: HUNGARY AND ROMANIA DURING EUROPEAN DÉTENTE

FINLAND AS A ROLE-MODEL: HUNGARY AND ROMANIA DURING EUROPEAN DÉTENTE. March 21, 2005 Katalin Miklóssy University of Helsinki www. valt.helsinki.fi/staff/miklossy/ e-mail: katalin.miklossy@helsinki.fi. Today’s lecture. Why on Earth is that interesting? Basic concepts to navigate with

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FINLAND AS A ROLE-MODEL: HUNGARY AND ROMANIA DURING EUROPEAN DÉTENTE

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  1. FINLAND AS A ROLE-MODEL: HUNGARY AND ROMANIA DURING EUROPEAN DÉTENTE March 21, 2005 Katalin Miklóssy University of Helsinki www. valt.helsinki.fi/staff/miklossy/ e-mail: katalin.miklossy@helsinki.fi

  2. Today’s lecture • Why on Earth is that interesting? • Basic concepts to navigate with • An exceptional era…or is it? • Survival strategies: Hungary and Romania • Détente from the midgets’ perspective • ‘Wish we were Finlandised’ – The Model

  3. Cold War Studies: a new point of view • The burden of Sovietology • Small states in focus: diversity and complexity of national strategies • Disintegrative tendencies inside of the Eastern bloc • 1960-70s: the beginning of the end

  4. The key concepts • Socialist or communist countries? • Satellites, slave countries, members of the socialist commonwealth, minor partners of the Soviet Union or what exactly? • The small state syndrome • The period: the miraculous 1960s

  5. An Era of Reformism • The Khrushchevist dawn • The problem: - socialism is an expensive system - the extensive method of economic development is out • The solution: to apply elements of market economy into the socialist framework

  6. Survival strategies – in opposition • Different spheres of influence • Making the best out of the status quo • Different medicines for the same illness

  7. Late-1960s: Troubles in the Communist World

  8. Kádárism and the New Economic Mechanism • The shadow of 1956 • The social contract • Sacrificing foreign policy • The troubled year of 1968 • Soviet demand of halting the reform in 1972

  9. Ceausescu and the quest for sovereignty • Declaration of Independence • 1968 – the turning point • The ultimate issue: right of self-determination • Romania, the outcast • Ceausescu: the favourite communist of the West

  10. Détente • Turning Soviet initiative into something useful • Getting out from the stalemate situation • Establishing contacts with the West • Hungary: economic relations • Romania: independent role on the international arena

  11. The Tempting Finnish Model • For both: - Extraordinary balance with the Soviet Union - Kekkonen’s virtuosity - The very next step toward the West • For Hungary: - Economic relations with the West - Human rights issue: minorities • For Romania: - Visibility of a small state on the international stage - The role of mediator - Military neutrality

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