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Phonetics

Phonetics. Unit 1. Vowel Sounds. No obstruction of airstream in the mouth. Quality depends on height and position of the tongue. Movement of the tongue: up, down, forward and back to change size and shape of oral cavity. Variables to classify vowel sounds:. Classification of vowel sounds.

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Phonetics

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  1. Phonetics Unit 1

  2. VowelSounds • No obstruction of airstream in the mouth. • Quality depends on height and position of the tongue. • Movement of the tongue: up, down, forward and back to change size and shape of oral cavity. • Variables to classify vowel sounds:

  3. Classification of vowelsounds • Part of the tongue which is the highest: • Front vowels: front of the tongue is raised near the hard palate. (beet, bit, bet, bat) • Back vowels: back of the tongue near the soft palate. (food, fort, father) • Central vowels: center of the tongue near the junction of sort and hard palate. (among)

  4. Classification of vowelsounds • The height of the tongue: • High: top of tongue near the roof of the mouth. • Mid: top of the tongue at intermediate position, with medium jaw opening. • Low: top of tongue far from the roof of the mouth, with a wide jaw opening.

  5. Calssification of vowelsounds • Position of the lips • Rounded • Unrounded • State of tension of the tongue • Tense • Lax

  6. Classification of vowelsounds • Length • Long /i, æ, Ɔ, u, ɝ/ + diphthongs • Short /I, Ɛ, ʌ, a, Ʊ, Ə/

  7. Description of frontvowelsounds • /i/: high, front, long, close, tense, unrounded • Spelling: • ee: meet, cheese, seen, freeze • e: complete, me, these, delete • ea: pea, leaf, reason, steam • ie: piece, niece, thief, chief • ei, ey: seize, receive, key

  8. Description of frontvowelsounds • /I/: mid-high, front, short, close, lax, unrounded • Spelling: • i: kid, lift • y: gym, system, vanity • ui: build, quick, guilt

  9. Description of frontvowelsounds • /Ɛ/: mid-low, front, short, half-open, lax, unrounded • Spelling: • e: neck, rest, send • ea: bread, head, dead • /æ/: low, front, short, open, lax, unrounded • Spelling: • a: mad, had, rat

  10. Description of back vowelsounds • /u/: high, back, long, close, tense, rounded • Spelling: • oo: food, root, room • o: do, to, who • u: rude, rule, nude • ew: blew, chew, new • ue: blue, due, clue • oe: canoe, shoe

  11. Description of back vowelsounds • /Ʊ/: mid-high, back, short, half-close, lax, rounded • Spelling: • u: put, bullet • oo: wool, good • ou: could, would, should • o: woman

  12. Description of back vowelsounds • /Ɔ/: mid-low, back, long, half-open, tense, rounded • Spelling: • aw: jaw, lawn • au: daughter, fault • a: all, talk, salt

  13. Description of back vowelsounds • /a/: low, back, short, open, lax, slightly rounded • Spelling: • o: dog, dock, holiday • a: what, want, watch • ou, au, ow: cough, because, Austria, knowledge

  14. Description of central vowelsounds • /ʌ/: mid-low, central, short, open, lax, unrounded • Spelling: • u: cut, sun • o: come, among • ou: country, couple • oo: blood, flood • oe: does

  15. Description of central vowelsounds • /Ə/: mid, central, short, half-open, lax, unrounded (schwa) • Spelling: • a: asleep, away, atlas • e: oven, belief, open • i: possible, liquid, typical • o: purpose, occur, lemon • u: lettuce, upon, circus • ou: famous • oi: porpoise • iou: cautious

  16. Description of diphthongs • Movementsfromonevoweltoanother • Equivalenttolongvowels • /ei/ • Spelling: • a: late, ate, hate • ai: main, fail, grain • ay: day, bay, play • ei: eight, weigh, freight

  17. Description of diphthongs • /aI/: • Spelling: • i: I, ice, fire • y: my, fly • ie: die, pie • igh: high, slight

  18. Description of diphthongs • /ƆI/ • Spelling: • oi: coin, join • oy: boy, toy • /aƱ/ • Spelling: • ou: out, cloud, our • ow: town, clown

  19. Description of diphthongs • /ou/ • Spelling: • o: oval, only, over, no • ow: own • oa: oak, roam

  20. References: • Yule, G. (1996). The study of language. (2nd edition). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. • Dale, P. & Poms, L. (2005). English pronunciation made simple. New York: Longman.

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