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GLYCOLYSIS

GLYCOLYSIS. Prepared by GOPINATH DASH lecturer in botany khemundi college; digapahandi. Glycolysis- 10 steps explained steps by steps with diagram. Step 1: Hexokinase.

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GLYCOLYSIS

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  1. GLYCOLYSIS Prepared by GOPINATH DASH lecturer in botanykhemundi college; digapahandi

  2. Glycolysis- 10 steps explained steps by steps with diagram

  3. Step 1: Hexokinase • The first step in glycolysis is the conversion of D-glucose into glucose-6-phosphate. The enzyme that catalyzes this reaction is hexokinase.

  4. Step 2: PhosphoglucoseIsomerase • The second reaction of glycolysis is the rearrangement of glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) into fructose 6-phosphate (F6P) by glucose phosphate isomerase (PhosphoglucoseIsomerase).

  5. Step 3: Phosphofructokinase • Phosphofructokinase, with magnesium as a cofactor, changes fructose 6-phosphate into fructose 1,6-bisphosphate.

  6. Step 4: Aldolase • The enzyme Aldolase splits fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate into two sugars that are isomers of each other. These two sugars are dihydroxyacetone phosphate  (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP).

  7. Step 5: Triphosphateisomerase • The enzyme triophosphateisomerase rapidly inter- converts the molecules dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP). Glyceraldehyde phosphate is removed / used in next step of Glycolysis.

  8. Step 6: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase • Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) dehydrogenates and adds an inorganic phosphate to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, producing 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate.

  9. Step 7: PhosphoglycerateKinase • Phosphoglyceratekinase transfers a phosphate group from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to ADP to form ATP and 3-phosphoglycerate.

  10. Step 8: PhosphoglycerateMutase • The enzyme phosphoglyceromutase relocates the P from 3- phosphoglycerate from the 3rd carbon to the 2nd carbon to form 2-phosphoglycerate.

  11. Step 9: Enolase • The enzyme enolase removes a molecule of water from 2-phosphoglycerate to form phosphoenolpyruvic acid (PEP).

  12. Step 10: PyruvateKinase • The enzyme pyruvatekinase transfers a P from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to ADP to form pyruvic acid and ATP Result in step 10.

  13. ENERGY TABLE • Steps 1 and 3 = – 2ATPSteps 7 and 10 = + 4 ATPNet “visible” ATP produced = 2. • Step 6= 2NADH2 = 6ATP

  14. THANK YOU

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