Global Age: Mesoamerican Civilizations, Ming Dynasty, Ottoman Empire, Exploration and Imperialism, Absolutism and the Pu

1. Unit 4:The First Global Age (1450-1770) Global History II Review

2. Mesoamerican Civilizations • Geography • Central America • Mayans • Farming and trade were important • Maize was a staple crop • Polytheistic beliefs- made human sacrifices • Established social hierarchy • Contributions: Pyramids, farming, calendar

3. Mesoamerican Civilizations • Aztecs • Expanded through military conquest • Established social hierarchy • Polytheistic beliefs- made human sacrifices • Contributions: Calendar, floating gardens • Incas • Centralized and efficient government • Build roads to link empire through Andes Mts. • Terrace farming (cut into mountain side)

4. Ming Dynasty in China • Restoration of Chinese Rule • Middle Kingdom- belief China was the center of the earth and source of civilization • Government reforms revived ideas of Confucius and Civil Service System • Contributions • Improved food production • Repaired canals and expanded trade network • Porcelain

5. Ming Dynasty in China • China and the West • Europeans were very interested in China but China felt Europe was inferior • Impact on Asia • Korea: Civil Service, porcelain, writing • Japan: Buddhism, art, writing, technology • SEA: Religion, civil service system

6. Ottoman Empire • Rise of Ottoman Empire (1400s) • 1453 conquered Constantinople and expanded around ME/ Mediterranean Sea • Expanded from superior military technology • Europeans seek new trade routes • Ottomans disrupted European trade • Europeans searched for routes around ME

7. Ottoman Empire • Lasting Achievements and Impact • Absorbed Byzantine influences • Suleiman gave laws to the people • Diverse population and tolerance • Built mosques and practiced Islam • Decline of Ottoman Empire • Internal disorder- government corruption • European advancements ahead of Turks • Loss in World War I

8. Exploration and Imperialism • Eve of Exploration • Reconquista: Spanish conquest of Muslim Sp. • Brutal attacks by Christians on Muslims and Jews • Europeans sought Spices from Asia and sought routes other than through the ME • New Technologies: • Printing press, gunpowder, better maps, & astrolabe

9. Exploration and Imperialism • Early Explorations and Encounters • Exploration of Africa and Asia • Vasco Da Gama reaches India • Columbus reaches the Americas • Wanted to find an alternative route to India • Europeans compete for Colonies • Imperialism in Africa- divided up continent • Imperialism in Asia- trade posts set up in Asia • Colonies like India (Britain) became important

10. Exploration and Imperialism • Europeans compete for Colonies • Imperialism in the Americas • Spanish conquistadors conquered civilizations • Defeated Aztecs and Inca and established colonies • Established the encomienda system • Triangular Trade and Slavery • Africans were taken as slaves to work in the Americas after the native populations died

11. Exploration and Imperialism • Spanish Empire • Developed encomeinda system using slaves • Catholic Church was influential • Social class structure: • Peninsulars & Creoles were on top • Columbian Exchange • Resources from old and new worlds were introduced to new environments • Mercantilism-policy of gaining as much wealth as possible for the colonial powers from its colonies

12. Absolutism and the Puritans • Global Absolutism • Absolutism- autocratic rulers had complete power to rule over the government and people • Divine Right- king rules by the will of God • Examples: Philip II, Louis XIV, Peter the Great • Reaction to Absolutism in England • Issues between ruler and people (parliament) • English Civil War is fought between the Puritans and the Crown • Glorious Revolution: non-violent overthrow of the English King • English Bill of Rights • Provides for a limited (constitutional) monarchy • Provides for basic rights to the people of England