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The Immune System and Disease

Disease (dis-ease). Any change, other than injury, that disrupts normal body functionsCan be caused by agents or pathogens, environmentally, or are inherited. What are some examples of pathogens?. Pathogens. VirusesBacteriaProtistsWormsFungi. Diseases Spread. Physical contactDirect contact with bodily fluidsIndirect through air or touching contaminated objectsContaminated Food and WaterInfected AnimalsVectors: animals that carry pathogens.

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The Immune System and Disease

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    1. The Immune System and Disease chapter 40 Sections 1 and 2

    2. Disease (dis-ease) Any change, other than injury, that disrupts normal body functions Can be caused by agents or pathogens, environmentally, or are inherited

    3. Pathogens Viruses Bacteria Protists Worms Fungi

    4. Diseases Spread Physical contact Direct contact with bodily fluids Indirect through air or touching contaminated objects Contaminated Food and Water Infected Animals Vectors: animals that carry pathogens

    5. Immune System Functions to fight infections through the production of cells that inactivate foreign substances or cells = immunity Body fights infection: Nonspecific Defense Specific Defense

    6. Nonspecific Defense First line of Defense: Keep pathogens out of body Skin, mucus, sweat, tears Second line of Defense: Inflammatory response White blood cells produced Fever Interferon resist viral infection, secreted by infected cells to protect other cells from infection

    8. Specific Defense Immune response: Pathogen, or antigen, gets past nonspecific defense Lymphocytes recognize specific antigens: B cells - humoral immunity T cells - cell-mediated immunity Macrophages: WBC consume infected cells

    9. Humoral Immunity Antibody mediated immunity Antigen recognized by specific B cell B cells produce large #s of plasma and memory B cells Plasma cells release antibodies Antibodies bind to antigen Memory cells prevent another infection

    12. Cell-Mediated Immunity Once pathogen inside cell Killer T cell track down pathogen Helper T cell can activate killer Ts Memory T cells are produced after exposure Suppressor T cells shut down Killer T cells once attack under control

    15. Acquired Immunity Active Immunity: Bodys reaction to an antigen Vaccination = injection of weakened or mild form of pathogen Passive Immunity: Antibodies produced by another organism injected into bloodstream Lasts short time

    16. Kochs Postulates

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