Commas, Colons, and Semicolons

1. Commas, Colons, and Semicolons By Woodhouse

2. Warm Up • Writing Prompt (100 words): What is your favorite time of the year? What are some activities you enjoy doing during this time of the year? Is there a specific type of food you like to each during this season? If so, explain it. • Or, choose your own topic to write about.

3. SOL Objectives • 9.4 The student will read and analyze a variety of informational materials and nonfiction materials, including journals, essays, speeches, biographies, and autobiographies. • 11.7f adapt content, vocabulary, voice, and tone to audience and purpose • 12.3a recognize major literary forms and their elements • 9.2 Include definitions to increase clarity • 10.3 Explain differences in literary forms

4. Class Objectives Students will be able to: given the smartboard, computer, wikispaces, and quiz: identify and judge how colons, commas, and semicolons are used in sentences; create sentences using these punctuations; and complete a quiz with 80% accuracy on colons, commas, and semicolons.

5. Anticipatory Set • Connection: Today, we are going to study colons, commas, and semicolons. • Relevancy: In order to complete a sentence with pauses and list items, sentences use different kinds of punctuation.

6. Anticipatory Set Continued • Can you tell what is wrong with this sentence? • At 100 A.M. I found myself sleepwalking in the kitchen.

7. Copy Notes: Comma • A comma is a punctuation mark (,) that represents a slight pause in a sentence or is used to separate words and figures in a list. • Examples of Commas in Sentences: • 1. While I was eating, the cat scratched at the door. • 2. Because her alarm clock was broken, she was late for class. • 3. If you are ill, you ought to see a doctor. • 4. When the snow stops falling, we'll shovel the driveway. • 5. The game was over, but the crowd refused to leave. • 6. The student explained her question, yet the instructor still didn't seem to understand. • 7. Yesterday was her brother's birthday, so she took him out to dinner. • Additional information about commas are on the next slide.

9. 3 Comma Activities • 1. (Show Teacher: Review) http://www.bbc.co.uk/skillswise/words/grammar/punctuation/commas/flash0.shtml • 2. (Email) Email your results to woodhouse_homebound@yahoo.com. http://wps.ablongman.com/long_long_rw_2/43/11197/2866676.cw/index.html 3. (Sentence Writing) Complete the following in your notebook. http://englishforeveryone.org/PDFs/Commas.pdf

10. Copy Notes: Colon • A colon is Examples: • 1. I ordered the following supplies: potatoes, sugar, flour, eggs, and coffee.     • 2. I ordered these supplies: potatoes, sugar, flour, eggs, and coffee.     • 3. Theories which try to explain the secrets of fire walking fall into three categories: physical, psychological, and religious.

11. Colon Activity • A. Directions: Use a colon after the salutation of a business letter. Example: Dear Sir: • Instructions: Write each sentence in your notebook for grading. Place colons where needed. • 1. Dear Mr. Witt • 2. Dear Madam • 3. My dear Mrs. Garrity • 4. Gentlemen • 5. To whom it may concern

12. Colon Activity C • C.  Directions: Use a colon between the title and subtitle of a book. Example: The Wide World: A High School Geography • Instructions: Write each sentence in your notebook for grading. Place colons where needed. • 1. Have you examined for possible adoption Warriner's English Grammar and Composition Complete Course? • 2. The Advanced Composition A Book of Models for Writing has been used for many years. • 3. I didn't like Episodes in American History An Inquiry Approach as a history text. • 4. Men and Nations A World History covers what we need very well. • 5. The American Nation A History of the United States seems too advanced for our grade level.

13. Colon Activity B • B. Direction: Use a colon to express the hours and minutes in figures. Example: 12:30 A.M. • Instructions: Write each sentence in your notebook for grading. Place colons where needed. • 1. We will meet at 800 A.M. tomorrow morning. • 2. I will be on the plane at 1153 P.M. • 3. Which would be better for you, 1000 A.M. or 200 P.M? • 4. Be in my office promptly at 1035 A.M. • 5. You never get to bed before 1130 P.M.

14. Copy Notes: Semicolon Examples: • 1. He promised to reform; a few days later he forgot everything. (Notice, where the semicolon is, you can easily put the following words: and, but, yet, or…) • 2. He promised to reform; however, a few days later he forgot everything. (It can also go between two thoughts that can stand alone (independent clauses) joined by an adverb.)

15. Semicolon Activity • A. Directions: Use a semicolon between two independent clauses of a compound sentence when they are not joined by a coordinate conjunction. Example: There was a sudden silence; everyone was stunned by the outcome. • Instructions: Write each sentence in your notebook for grading. Place semicolons where they are needed in the following sentences. • 1. Carl is tall his brother is short. • 2. He knocked several times no one came to the door. • 3. The siren blew loudly I rushed to the window the police raced pass as I looked out. • 4. I waited several hours for you you did not return I became concerned. • 5. My sister loves mysteries my brother likes technical manuals.

16. Semicolon Activity C • C.  Directions: Use a semicolon before a conjunctive adverb that introduces a clause in a compound sentence. Common conjunctive adverbs are therefore, nevertheless, moreover, consequently, furthermore, besides, then, thus, instead, accordingly, otherwise, so, yet, still, hence, however. Example: Jill knew she could not win;nevertheless, she kept running. Explanatory expressions (for example, namely, on the contrary, in fact, that is, on the other hand) are used similarly as conjunctive adverbs with a semicolon preceding them and a comma following. Example: The weather was wonderful; in fact, it was the best weather for a month. • Instructions: Write each sentence in your notebook for grading. Place semicolons where they are needed in the following sentences. • 1. I have not heard the latest comments therefore, I cannot render an opinion. • 2. Our children have traveled throughout the world for example, Australia, Brazil, Korea, and Russia. • 3. In Brazil we have seen many places on the other hand, we have never been to Africa. • 4. We plan to return some day to Brazil therefore, we want to visit Rio, Sao Paulo, and Manaus. • 5. Barbara is a diligent student she, in fact, is tops in her class.

17. Semicolons Activity B • B. Directions: Use a semicolon between the two independent clauses of a compound sentence joined by a coordinate conjunction if commas are also used in the sentence. Example: Although the story is impossible, I believe you; and the others will, too. • Instructions: Write each sentence in your notebook for grading. Place semicolons where they are needed in the following sentences. • 1. Since you asked my opinion, I will tell you and I hope you will listen well. • 2. Although he is highly qualified, he is not dependable and I am afraid to hire him. • 3. Because Sarah is absent a great deal, she has a hard time keeping up but she is willing to work overtime. • 4. Although I prefer English, I know that math is important and I will work hard in both classes. • 5. When you arrive on the train, take a taxi to the bus station or I can meet you at the train.

18. Quiz: Comma, Colon, and Semicolon • Create a table, flow chart, or pie chart which demonstrates the following: • Have a title word for each column. Color/shade in the blocks with the titles or pie chart sections. • Define the following: comma, colon, and semicolon. • Three sentences for each for comma, colon, and semicolon. • Illustrate what a comma, colon, and semicolon looks like.

19. Closure • Draw a picture of a comma, semicolon, and colon. Personify each picture and have each tell what it is and how it can be used in a sentence. (Example: You can draw them with a face, clothes, etc.)