Understanding and Overcoming Winter Blues

1. Unit 9 The Winter Blues Developed External/ ELI / KAAU- Spring 2010

2. Unit Outcome By the end of this unit students should be able to: • report a conversation using direct speech. • edit punctuation in a passage with direct speech. • write statements of advice using should / shouldn’t. Developed External/ ELI / KAAU- Spring 2010

3. Vocabulary for Comprehension, P. 165 Read the following story about Valerie. Try to guess the meanings of the underlined words. Valerie is depressed. She doesn’t know what causes her depression. She only knows that she feels very emotional; a lot of the time for no good reason. Bright sunny days, parties, and other things that make most people happy don’t seem to affect the way she feels. For a long time, Valerie didn’t know that she was depressed. She just thought that she was a naturally sad person. When Valerie was a teenager, her mother often checked her temperature because she thought that Valerie was getting sick. A few times, her mother her to the doctor and made him check her blood pressure, heart, breathing, and everything else she could think of to make sure that Valerie was OK. Developed External/ ELI / KAAU- Spring 2010

4. When Valerie got older and she told her doctor about it, she found out that she had many of the symptoms of depression. She usually had very little energy - she sometimes stayed in bed for whole days at a time. She often didn’t feel like eating. Also, she couldn’t reach the phone from her bed, she never answered the phone. Valerie went to see a psychiatrist, who told her that depression is a common problem, one that he sees all the time. He helped her choose the right treatment. She is taking some medicine that helps her feel less depressed. In addition, once a week she has psychotherapy where she talks to someone about herself and her problems. Developed External/ ELI / KAAU- Spring 2010

5. Now match the words on the left with their definitions on the right. causes emotional bright affect temperature blood pressure breathing symptoms reach psychiatrist common treatment psychotherapy how hot or cold something is signs of something, especially a disease a way of making someone who is sick better to produce a change in someone or something having strong feelings that you show, sometimes by crying found everywhere; usual shining with a lot of light a doctor who studies and treats mental illness the treatment of mental illness by talking to someone and discussing problems, rather than by using drugs or medicine to stretch out your hand to touch or hold something people or things that make something happen the force with which blood moves around your body taking air into your body and letting it out through your nose or mouth Developed External/ ELI / KAAU- Spring 2010

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7. Focus on Vocabulary, P. 173 Read each of the following pair of sentences. Change ONE or TWO words in the second sentence so that the sentences make sense together. Pay attention of the meanings of the underlined words Let’s now think and share together the possible answers for the following 13 items. Developed External/ ELI / KAAU- Spring 2010

8. Focus on Vocabulary, P. 173 Scott has a high temperature. His forehead feels cold. I don’t think that the cat is breathing. It is probably alive. Lack of sleep really affects babies’ crying. If they don’t get enough sleep, babies often laugh. Bob is trying psychotherapy to help him with his problem. He thinks that taking medicine will help. Developed External/ ELI / KAAU- Spring 2010

9. Focus on Vocabulary, P. 173 (answer) Scott has a high temperature. His forehead feels hot. I don’t think that the cat is breathing. It is probably dead. Lack of sleep really affects babies’ crying. If they don’t get enough sleep, babies often cry. Bob is trying psychotherapy to help him with his problem. He thinks that talking will help. Developed External/ ELI / KAAU- Spring 2010

10. 5. I think I have flu symptoms. My stomach hurts, my muscles hurt, and I feel very hungry. 6. The sun is really bright today. I think I need to take off my glasses. 7. “I’d like to make an appointment with a psychiatrist. I think I am pregnant.” 8. Mr. McDonald has high blood pressure. He should eat less salt and try to relax less. 9. Sam had to drop out of school because he was having emotional problems. I think that he should talk to a heart doctor. Developed External/ ELI / KAAU- Spring 2010

11. 5. I think I have flu symptoms. My stomach hurts, my muscles hurt, and I feel very tired. 6. The sun is really bright today. I think I need to put on my glasses. 7. “I’d like to make an appointment with a psychiatrist. I think I am depressed.” 8. Mr. McDonald has high blood pressure. He should eat less salt and try to relax more. 9. Sam had to drop out of school because he was having emotional problems. I think that he should talk to a psychiatrist. Developed External/ ELI / KAAU- Spring 2010

12. 10. Vanessa can’t reach the teapot in her cupboard. Her husband, who is shorter than she is, always gets it when she needs it. 11. A: What are some good treatments for tired muscles? B: I would try hot baths, rest, and sneezing. 12. Steve and Linda wanted to give their son a common American name. They named him Zbignew. 13. My dentist says that candy causes tooth problems. I guess I need to stop eating apples. Developed External/ ELI / KAAU- Spring 2010

13. 10. Vanessa can’t reach the teapot in her cupboard. Her husband, who is taller than she is, always gets it when she needs it. 11. A: What are some good treatments for tired muscles? B: I would try hot baths, rest, and relaxing. 12. Steve and Linda wanted to give their son a common American name. They named him John 13. My dentist says that candy causes tooth problems. I guess I need to stop eating chocolate. Developed External/ ELI / KAAU- Spring 2010

14. STYLE: Using Direct Speech, p. 176 Rule: When you want to report what somebody said, you can use that person’s exact words – that is direct speech. These exact words that a person said are called quotes. Example: “Areej, you told me on the phone that your depression is worse in the winter. Is that right?” Dr. Bandar asked. Explanation in the coming slide Developed External/ ELI / KAAU- Spring 2010

15. Notice an important tip in the Direct Speech “Areej, you told me on the phone that your depression is worse in the winter. Is that right? ” Dr. Bandar asked. Girls, Dr. Bandar’s exact words are between 2 quotation marks “ .......” Developed External/ ELI / KAAU- Spring 2010

16. STYLE: Using Direct Speech Rule To introduce quotes, you can use reporting verbs like 2. add 1. say 4. answer 3. ask Examples Developed External/ ELI / KAAU- Spring 2010

17. Direct Speech: Say • Use say for quotes which are not questions. Example “It’s not normal to be so depressed in the winter, “ the doctor said Developed External/ ELI / KAAU- Spring 2010

18. Direct Speech: Add b. Use add when the speaker is adding information to something that he or someone else said just before. Example: “But doctors think that the causes may be different than for other kinds of depression, “ he added Developed External/ ELI / KAAU- Spring 2010

19. Direct Speech: Ask c. Use ask for questions Example “Is that right? “ Dr. Bandar asked Developed External/ ELI / KAAU- Spring 2010

20. Direct Speech: Answer d. Use answer for answers Example “Yes,” Alice answered. Developed External/ ELI / KAAU- Spring 2010

21. Direct Speech: Punctuation • Always put quotation marks around the quote Example “It’s not normal to be so depressed in the winter, “ the doctor said. Quotation marks Developed External/ ELI / KAAU- Spring 2010

22. Direct Speech: Punctuation b. Put a comma between a quote and the main subject and verb of the sentence Example comma “It’s not normal to be so depressed in the winter, “ the doctor said. OR The doctor said, “It’s not normal to be so depressed in the winter.” Developed External/ ELI / KAAU- Spring 2010

23. Direct Speech: Punctuation c. If the quote is a question, always use a question markat the end of the quote, and before the quotation mark. Example “ Is that right ? “ Dr. Crowder asked. Question Mark quotation mark end of quote Developed External/ ELI / KAAU- Spring 2010

24. Direct Speech: New Quote 4. Each time you begin a new quote from a different person, you need to start a new paragraph. Example • “Is that right?” Dr. Crowder asked. • “Yes, “ Alice answered. “But isn’t that normal?” Developed External/ ELI / KAAU- Spring 2010

25. Direct Speech: Activities Now read the following Alice’s conversation then fill in the gaps with the correct verbs from the box “Oh, I won’t sit too close. I don’t want to hurt my eyes. That light really is bright. But how close should I sit?” Alice (1)…………………. “About two to four feet away, “ the salesperson (2)………… “OK. Thank you very much. You have been really helpful,” Alice (3)………………….. “I wish I had come here a couple of years ago!” she (4)…………………. “Well I hope the light helps. Feel free to call me if you have any questions,” the salesperson (5)………………………… added – answered – asked – said – said Check your answers in the next slide Developed External/ ELI / KAAU- Spring 2010

26. Direct Speech: Activities Now read the following Alice’s conversation then fill in the gaps with the correct verbs from the box “Oh, I won’t sit too close. I don’t want to hurt my eyes. That light really is bright. But how close should I sit?” Alice (1) asked “About two to four feet away, “ the salesperson (2) answered “OK. Thank you very much. You have been really helpful,” Alice (3) said “I wish I had come here a couple of years ago!” she (4) added “Well I hope the light helps. Feel free to call me if you have any questions,” the salesperson (5) said added – answered – asked – said – said Developed External/ ELI / KAAU- Spring 2010

27. GRAMMAR: Should and Shouldn’t (p. 178) • Use should to give advice or say that something is a good idea. Example: You should sit two to four feet away from this light. (good idea) You should drink water a lot. (advice) Developed External/ ELI / KAAU- Spring 2010

28. GRAMMAR: Should and Shouldn’t 2. Use shouldn’t to give advice or say that something isn’t good idea. Example: You shouldn’t look directly at the light. (it’s a bad idea) Developed External/ ELI / KAAU- Spring 2010

29. GRAMMAR: Should and Shouldn’t 3. Always use the base form of the verb with should and shouldn’t Should You should see the light. Shouldn’t You shouldn’t look directly at it. Developed External/ ELI / KAAU- Spring 2010

30. Should and Shouldn’t: Activities p. 178 - 179 Complete each statement with should or shouldn’t and the correct verb from the box. • You ……………..directly at a bright light. • People……………….drugs if their doctors haven’t told them to. • Jane has all of the symptoms of depression. She ………….her doctor. • My brother is always tired because he goes out almost every night. He…………………..more and he ………………..late every night. • Natalie is gaining weight. She ………………………more and she ……………….so much ice cream. • Jeremy is having serious problems in school, and he’s fighting a lot with other kids. I think he…………………….to a psychiatrist. eat – exercise – look – see – sleep – stay out – take – talk Check your answers in the next slide Developed External/ ELI / KAAU- Spring 2010

31. Should and Shouldn’t: Activities p. 178 - 179 Complete each statement with should or shouldn’t and the correct verb from the box. • You shouldn’t look directly at a bright light. • People shouldn’t take drugs if their doctors haven’t told them to. • Jane has all of the symptoms of depression. She should see her doctor. • My brother is always tired because he goes out almost every night. He should sleep more and he shouldn’t stay out late every night. • Natalie is gaining weight. She should exercise more and she shouldn’t eat so much ice cream. • Jeremy is having serious problems in school, and he’s fighting a lot with other kids. I think he should talk to a psychiatrist. eat – exercise – look – see – sleep – stay out – take – talk Developed External/ ELI / KAAU- Spring 2010

32. Should and Shouldn’t: Activities p. 179 Read each statement. Then write a response with should or shouldn’t. write at least two sentences with should and two sentences with shouldn’t. Example: • I have a terrible headache. Response You should take some aspirin. You shouldn’t drink coffee Now, let’s do the same in the coming slide Go to the activity p. 179 Developed External/ ELI / KAAU- Spring 2010

33. Should and Shouldn’t: Activity, p. 179 2. I have all the symptoms of the flu. _________________________ _________________________ 3. Dennis was playing football and hurt his back. _________________________ _________________________ 4. Richard and his wife fight all the time. _________________________ _________________________ 5. Eddie is losing weight very fast. _________________________ _________________________ 6. Catherine is always tired. _________________________ _________________________ Check your answers in the next slide Developed External/ ELI / KAAU- Spring 2010

34. Should and Shouldn’t: Activity, p. 179 2. I have all the symptoms of the flu. You should have hot soup. You shouldn’t go out tonight. 3. Dennis was playing football and hurt his back. He should rest in bed. He shouldn’t play these days. 4. Richard and his wife fight all the time. They should discuss their problems without fighting. They shouldn’t fight in front of their children. 5. Eddie is losing weight very fast. _________________________ _________________________ 6. Catherine is always tired. _________________________ _________________________ Developed External/ ELI / KAAU- Spring 2010

35. On behalf of ELI instructors, we all wish you the best of luck Developed External/ ELI / KAAU- Spring 2010