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Implementation of Market & Operational Framework for Wind Integration. Stakeholder Information Session Monday, March 23, 2009 Metropolitan Centre, Calgary. Agenda. Welcome and Purpose of Session Role of the AESO Challenges with Large Scale Wind Integration MOF Background
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Implementation of Market & Operational Framework for Wind Integration Stakeholder Information Session Monday, March 23, 2009 Metropolitan Centre, Calgary
Agenda • Welcome and Purpose of Session • Role of the AESO • Challenges with Large Scale Wind Integration • MOF Background • Recommendation Paper • WP Forecasting • WP Management • Supply Surplus • Implementation and Key Initiatives • Transmission Update • Summary and Next Steps
Purpose of today’s session • Provide stakeholders an opportunity to ask questions, clarify information in order to submit formal comments to MOF Implementation Recommendation Paper by April 3 deadline • Review key recommendations in MOF Implementation Paper • WP Forecasting • WP Management • Supply Surplus • Provide a brief update on key initiatives related to wind integration • Review next steps in process
Stakeholder consultation principles • The AESO’s consultation process offers allstakeholders an opportunity for meaningful input • All stakeholders have the right to comment on the AESO's plans, decisions and actions • The experience and expertise offered by stakeholders through the consultation process improves the quality and implementation of decisions • The AESO's consultation process and rationale for decisions are transparent • All stakeholders have the right to be informed of the AESO’s direction, plans, the status of issues, and decisions in a timely manner • The AESO measures the effectiveness of its consultation process in order to improve future performance
Alberta’s electric industry • 9,806 MW peak and 80% LF • 12,159 MW total generation • Over 280 generating units • Wholesale market with about 200 market participants • > 21,000 km of transmission • Interties BC (up to 780 MW) & Sask. (up to 150 MW) (Wind)497 MW 5,893 MW (Other renewables)214 MW 4,686MW 869 MW BC Alta Sask Over 12,000 MW of Wind Power Interest
Markets: develop and operate Alberta’s real-time wholesale energy market to facilitate fair, efficient and open competition Transmission System Development: plan and develop the transmission system to ensure continued reliability and facilitate the competitive market and investment in new supply Transmission System Access: provide system access for both generation and load customers System Operations: direct the reliable operation of Alberta’s power grid AESO - Our core business
Grid and Market Operations – Key functions • Operate the AIES in a secure and reliable state • Forecast and anticipate future operations (1-24 hours) • Manage and monitor AIES (flows/volts) – within limits and standards • Manage and dispatch transmission must run requirements • Manage congestion on the system • Manage interchange/transfers on interconnections • Coordinate TFO operation & coordinate maintenance (GFO and TFO) • Integrate new transmission facilities to interconnect generation and load • Manage and direct power system restoration and emergency operations • Conduct short term adequacy assessments • Operate the Alberta market according to AESO Rules and FEOC • Use merit orders to meet the supply/demand balance and ancillary services requirements • Comply with Rules for reliability and system performance (spinning and operating reserves) • Consider constraints and characteristics of individual units • Ensure fair, efficient and openly competitive operation of the electricity markets
Operational and market uncertainty • Load varies by seconds, minutes, hours, by day type, and with weather • Operators are experienced and familiar with load patterns and it can be forecasted within reasonable accuracy (within few percent) • Dispatchable generation can vary - typically within 1% of dispatch order • Some uncertainty with conventional supply but high capacity factors, outages are coordinated and availability is known • Supply resources may not be available or limited in capacity due to outages or de-rates • Pool price affects supply and demand (price sensitive load) • Significant integration of wind generation can alter familiar operational “patterns” • Semi-dispatchable resource (only when there is fuel) • More challenging to forecast (may be out by several hours and 100% magnitude) • Capacity factors vary by weather, season and time of day • Operational plans are based on best available forecasts of needs and available resources • There is always error and uncertainty in our business - we are good at managing it!
Challenges to integrating large scale wind • Supply-demand balancing is more challenging with wind power– wind can be unpredictable, increase or decrease rapidly and patterns can be correlated or counter to load • Limits to how much wind a system can accommodate– need access to flexible resources considering physical limits (ramping and start up times) • Reliability issues > 900 MW–need mitigating measures, resources and the scale/costs can escalate • Market Impacts – can increase variability and uncertainty • Need Transmission – upgrades in southern part of the province and recognizing diversity Supply Demand
Need dispatchable resources to accommodate wind Amount of dispatchable generation varies according to market conditions Market Capability Above Baseload Baseload Generation $0 Offers
Wind power diversity and ramps In Alberta there are times when there is diversity amongst wind power facilities There are times when there is little to no diversity amongst wind power facilities
Correlation between pool price and wind power • Wind generation offers into the market at zero dollars • Pool price tends to be lower when there is a significant amount of wind generation • Three factors influencing wind project development • Pool price • Federal incentives • Environmental attributes 2007 Data
Wind power capacity factors • Over 1,400 GWh of electric energy and annual capacity factor of about 35 % in 2007 • Capacity factors of wind power • exceed 50 % during some periods or • minimal capacity on some days (summer and winter peaks) due to prevailing weather conditions • AESO and Market participants: • Must become familiar with characteristics and • Factor it into day-day operating practices, decision making processes and offer strategies Spain Wind Power Distribution(2001 – 2005)
AESO’s wind integration journey 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 AESO-CANWEA collaboration Initiate Wind Power Forecasting Pilot Phase 1 Study Study up to 2000 MW Confirms need for Mitigating Measures Implement MOF Recommendations Workgroup findings incorporated into paper Workgroups on Supply Surplus and Wind Power Management Finalize Forecasting Pilot Study 1200 MW of Wind Power PH II Study and Temporary Threshold Confirm effectiveness of Mitigating Measures New Standard specific for Wind Power Facilities Market and Operational Framework (MOF) introduced CanWEA Award UWIG Award
The AESO’s commitment “Our ultimate objective… is to refocus the dialogue with industry to integrate as much wind into the Alberta system as feasible without compromising system reliability or the fair, efficient, and openly competitive operation of the market.”
How to add more wind? • To integrate more wind the operator needs to “know what to do” and “have the necessary resources/tools” • Current resources/tools • The energy merit order • Regulating reserves • New resources/tools • Wind power forecasting • Additional regulating reserves • Supply / load following service, (i.e. the service would accommodate pumped storage, batteries, others) • Power and/or ramp-rate limiting of wind power facilities
Load Transmission & Ancillary Services Wind Facility Owners Forecasting and Power management CHALLENGES MOF SOLUTIONS Predictability of wind power Wind power forecasting rules and requirements Flexible Resources for wind power EMO, AS, load products and Load-Supply following Wind variability, supply surplus, ramping events Wind power management, forecasting & Supply Surplus Protocol Transmission development Transmission plans, NID’s and forecasts of wind projects Wind interconnection projects Queue management Cost Allocation Challenges and solutions
Wind power development (2009-2010) Additional Regulating Reserves Wind Power Forecasting, Wind Power Management Supply Surplus, DDST
MOF Recommendation Paper • Next major step in the implementation of the Market and Operational Framework (MOF) • Represents the culmination of valuable work done through industry work groups. • Provides an overview of the MOF • Describes current system resources and mechanisms used to manage variability and ramps (load and supply) on the power system and challenges with large scale integration • Provides a set of recommendations regarding enhancements to rules, practices and procedures and requirements needed to implement the MOF: • Wind power forecasting requirements • Wind power curtailment protocol • Supply surplus protocol
Wind Power Forecasting John Kehler
Wind Forecasting is a Foundation • To integrate more wind the operator needs to “know what to do” and “have the necessary resources/tools” over all timeframes • An wind power forecast (including uncertainty) enhances AESO ability to maintain system reliability • In order to maintain reliability we must learn how to deal with • Forecast errors: timing and magnitude • Forecast uncertainty • Forecasting enables the efficient use of resources
Forecasting • The biggest challenge to forecasting is to predict when ramping starts and ends • The benefit, if done well, will allow us to make efficient use of resources to manage the ramps 2 hour ahead forecast
Ramp Statistics • In the pilot project the AESO applied a 20% per hour wind capacity criteria to define a wind power ramping event • Pilot Project Results - 234 ramp up/down events • This metric is not a concern at 545 MW of wind generation • At higher levels of wind penetration (i.e. 2000 MW +) an event where 20 % of installed wind capacity/hour is ramping will become a significant event depending on when it occurs • A 400 MW/hour in opposition to a typical load ramp will be a significant event
Wind forecasting • Pilot project • 3 vendors – ‘AWS Truewind (USA)’, ‘WEPROG (Denmark)’ and ‘energy and meteo (Germany)’– contracted to study wind characteristics and develop methodologies that work for Alberta: • Ramping – how to detect large ramps • Uncertainty – how to determine level of uncertainty in forecast • Facility Owner – define requirements for wind power facility operators • Regulating Reserves – how to use forecasts to support AS procurement • Information to Industry – how to provide forecasts to market participants • Plan to have wind power forecasting operational by December 2009
What we learned from the pilotLearning = Opportunity • Alberta difficult to forecast wind with the forecast errors higher than other jurisdictions • Mountains plus Pacific Ocean to west add complexity and limit upwind data density • Complex weather: Chinooks • Forecasts need to be tuned for system operator needs • Ramping events – some significant ramp events missed. Of missed events, the down ramps were the most challenging
Wind power forecasting recommendations Recommendation 1 • Centralized forecasting approach Recommendation 2 • RFP forecasting service provider should proceed as soon as practicable Recommendation 3 • Commence consultation on rules, procedures, standards and technical requirements regarding submission of wind generator forecast data/information including • data requirement such as turbine availability and on-site meteorological data as described above, • communication protocols, and • data quality required from wind generation facilities (or individual forecasters) to deliver forecasts to the AESO
Wind power forecasting recommendations (cont) Recommendation 4 • Determine the capability, resources, systems and time required to perform the data management function. • In parallel, the AESO will include data management as an optional requirement in the wind forecasting RFP Recommendation 5 • Monitor forecasting, market and operational results and develop measures of forecasting accuracy. • The AESO intends to leverage available data and forecasting resources toward this end Recommendation 6 • Aggregate wind forecasts should be transparent and made available to all market participants, particularly near term to real time.
Recommendation for centralized forecasting Centralized meaning “one wind power forecasting service provider for all WPFs” Wind Power Forecast data and information to the AESO Data from Numerical Weather Prediction models (i.e. from Environment Canada) Wind Power Forecast Service Provider WPF AESO Meteorological data, MW output and turbine availability from each WPF WPF WPF WPF WPF
WPF forecast data and information • Options discussed for WPF data are: • WPF data to Third Party then to Forecaster then to AESO • WPF data to AESO then to Forecaster • WPF data to Forecaster then to AESO • Preferred options are 2) and 3) Power Curve for each WPF
Possible cost and allocation to WPF owners • Based on cost experience during the wind power forecasting pilot project, provision of a forecasting services and data management could be less than $500k annually. • Costs borne at a WPF for met towers, data loggers and communication are not considered in this cost. • With 1000 MW of wind power this would be less than $0.20 per MWh of wind power generators
Wind Power Management John Kehler
The operational issues • There may be times that the system cannot absorb all the wind generation • The AESO would first consider the forecast demand, the wind power conditions, forecast wind power and what is available in the energy market for dispatch before resorting to wind power management • To help the system controllers recognize and manage these situations, the AESO is developing a Dispatch Decision Support Tool • The following conditions could trigger the use of wind power management: • Forecast loss of wind and insufficient ancillary services or ramping services • Supply surplus conditions • Insufficient ancillary services • Unforeseen (i.e. not forecasted) wind conditions • Disturbance and emergency conditions • During over frequency conditions wind power facilities will need to participate in frequency control
Wind power managementSystem Operation There may be times when wind power is forecast to ramp down and dispatching EMMO up may require pre-curtailment of wind generation to ensure supply-demand balance There may be times when wind power is forecast or is ramping up and limiting wind generation may be required until such time the EMMO can catch up
The operational issue Unforeseen Wind Power Event System Operator would determine how much wind MW the system can accommodate. Then issue a power limit Actual MW Forecast MW 2 hour ahead forecast miss the event Day ahead forecasts miss the event
WPM recommendations • Pro-rata allocation of system wide wind curtailments; • Use of Potential MW Capability to allocate wind power curtailments; and, • Curtailments should be re-assessed and re-allocated: • every 20 minutes if the limit for any one WPF has changed by greater than 5 MW
Description of potential MW capability Measured wind speed and direction Local computer calculates Potential MW from the turbine Utility SCADA system sends data to the AESO WPF SCADA System collects and sums the Potential MW from all turbines at the WPF
Illustrative Example of WPM Start of System Wind Limit event WPF limits based on current wind power conditions at the time limit is issued End of System Wind Limit event WPF limits re-allocated as Potential MW Capability changes Potential MW Capability Wind Power generated
Supply and Surplus Anita Lee, P. Eng. Manager, Operating Policies and Procedures
Supply and surplus • Wind generators and co-generation are currently exempt from OPP 103 (Dispatching Multiple $0 Offers) for managing supply surplus conditions • The MOF clearly indicated that, with higher levels of wind generation, the existing supply surplus management protocol needed to be reviewed
Supply and surplus • WG recommendation: Market be first given an opportunity to take voluntary actions when $0 SMP is anticipated or is occurring • Required changes: • Provide market indication of potential supply surplus conditions, similar to Short Term Adequacy (STA) assessments for supply shortfall
Supply and surplus • WG recommendation: all supply facilities should participate in reducing MW generation during supply surplus conditions subject to a new “Minimum Operating Level (MOL)” • Required changes: • Define MOL as: • A physical, not an economic constraint, and is • The lowest generation level for a generator as limited by the following requirements: legal/regulatory, environmental, health and safety, equipment reliability, operating level required to serve dispatched ancillary services, or operating level required to prevent damages to third party equipment
Supply and surplus • Required changes (cont’): • Define a mechanism/process for pool participants to declare and submit the MOL • Revise the "inflexible block" current definition to permit partial dispatch of a $0 inflexible offer • Wind generators: MOL = 0 MW and is flexible
Supply and surplus WG recommendation: $0 SMP Management Protocol 1. Curtail import transactions 2. Considering transmission system operating and reliability constraints (area TMR requirements, etc), apply the following, if effective*: • Curtail flexible $0 blocks, by pro-rata** • Curtail one or more inflexible $0 blocks to the asset’s MOL*** 3. Curtail one or more assets to 0 MW (go off line), considering the asset’s minimum off time
Supply and surplus *Consideration for “effectiveness”: • If curtailment allocation by pro-rata results in small volumes of curtailment to a large number of generating assets, it may not be effective. • This issue will be explored in the development of the related OPP.
Supply and surplus **Consideration for “fairness”: • Flexible blocks and inflexible blocks should be used in the protocol in a fair manner (i.e. one type should not be treated preferentially than the other)
Supply and surplus ***Consideration for impact to a co-gen’s DTS contract: • If the generation at a co-gen facility is curtailed (e.g. to its MOL), the co-gen facility may have to import more supply from the AIES causing ratcheting of its contracted DTS level • This requires further evaluation and if there are inappropriate consequences, the AESO may consider amendments to the AESO tariff
Technical Requirements/Standards John Kehler
Technical requirement standards • Interconnection Standards • In Nov 2004, AESO developed and implemented an interconnection standard specific for wind power facilities • Standard includes voltage ride through (low and high voltage), static and dynamic reactive power and voltage regulation • Standards will be updated to include: • Wind Power Management (ramp rate limiting, power limiting and over frequency governing) • SCADA and Communication requirements for Wind Power Management • Requirements for Wind Power Forecasting
Over frequency control • Over frequency conditions can occur in Alberta when; • Our interconnections trip during a heavy export • Disturbances within WECC • Arresting the over frequency condition requires governor control systems on the generator units • To ensure that wind power facilities contribute to arresting an over frequency condition, a virtual governor (over frequency control) is to be added to the wind power facilities. • Significant over frequency conditions (greater than 60.1 Hz) can occur a couple times per year • This requirement was identified in the 2004 standard
Over frequency control • Reduce the MW output to ‘over frequency’ conditions