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Bellringer

Bellringer. Fill out the map, you picked up on your way in . http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=PrjHdl-IYPw&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active. Causes of World War I. M ilitarism A lliances I mperialism N ationalism. Causes of World War I. Militarism-- Alliances--

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Bellringer

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  1. Bellringer • Fill out the map, you picked up on your way in

  2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PrjHdl-IYPw&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=activehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PrjHdl-IYPw&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active

  3. Causes of World War I Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism

  4. Causes of World War I Militarism-- Alliances-- Imperialism-- Nationalism-- Failure of Diplomacy

  5. Outbreak • The Balkan Peninsula

  6. Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand • Archduke Franz Ferdinand is assassinated by a Serbian nationalist (GavriloPrincip). • Austrians present the Serbs with an ultimatum. • The ultimatum is rejected and World War I begins in August 1914.

  7. The War…Alliances • Allied Powers: • Great Britain • France • Russia • Italy • USA in 1917 • Central Powers: • Germany • Austria-Hungary • Ottoman Empire

  8. The War… • Western Front: fighting between France and Germany (trench warfare and stalemate) • Eastern Front: Fighting between Germany and Russia.

  9. War in Europe • Germany’s two fronts

  10. The War…Trench Warfare • Systems of fortified ditches rather than an open battle field

  11. The Toll of the War

  12. Toll of the War • The bloodiest war of the time. • 22 million died, more than half of them civilians. • 20 million wounded • 10 million refugees

  13. The War…New Weapons • Machine Gun • Tank • Airplanes • Poisonous Gas • Zeppelin

  14. German Unrestricted Submarine Warfare:1915 to 1917 • British blockade the German coast. • Germans respond by sending out U-Boats and would sink any ship found in waters around Britain. • Lusitania is sunk on May 7, 1915.

  15. Zimmerman Telegram: January 1917 • Telegraph from German foreign minister to the German ambassador in Mexico was intercepted by British agents. • Telegram proposed an alliance between Mexico and Germany • Telegram promised that if war with the US broke out, Germany would support Mexico in recovering lost territory.

  16. America Acts…Why? • German U-Boats Sink Lusitania (killing 128 Americans). • Britain intercepts German proposal to ally with Mexico. • Germans sink more ships that are unarmed. • Russian monarchy is replaced with a representative government. • April 1917: United States Declares War. Wilson wanted to make the world “safe for democracy.”

  17. US Declaration of War • From 1914 to 1917 the US is Neutral. • April 1917 • Wilson wanted to make the world “safe for democracy.”

  18. War at Home • Difference between soldiers and civilians • Rationing • Propaganda • Role of women

  19. Failed Peace • Peace conference was at Versailles (formerly Louis XIV’s palace near Paris) • Allies dictate terms to • Germany • Russia • Non-Europeans • Causes a nationalist backlash

  20. The Fourteen Points • From President Woodrow Wilson’s speech to Congress before the end of the war • Supposed to be the basis of the peace conference • Let’s figure out what each means!

  21. Versailles Conference • You will be assigned a country and a group • For your country, determine: • What role did your country play at the real Versailles Conference? • What role do you think you should have played? • What outcomes did your country want from the peace treaty?

  22. End of World War I • Wilsonwrites his Fourteen Points in January 1918 • Main Points: Self-Determination, Freedom of the Seas, League of Nations, and Mandate System. • Germany signs an armisticeand World War I ends on November 11, 1918

  23. End of World War I 3. Paris Peace Conference: January to June 1919 • Attendants are the “Big Four” (US, Britain, France, and Italy) • Punishment of Germany, League of Nations, and New boundaries. 4. US Senate fails to approve the Treaty of Versailles • Henry Cabot Lodge led the Senate in opposition • Senate rejects the Treaty and the League of Nations • US signed a separate treaty with Germany in 1921 David Lloyd George, Vittorio Orlando, Georges Clemenceau, and Woodrow Wilson

  24. An international organization established after World War I • Supposed to help the world avoid future conflicts • The United States was the only Western European power that was not a member

  25. Failure! • The League failed because it did not have the power to enforce its decisions

  26. The Mandate System • During WWI, Great Britain & France agreed to divide up large portions of the Ottoman Empire between themselves • After WWI, a system was created to manage the colonies of defeated nations known as the mandate system

  27. This “system” gave Great Britain & France control over what became these lands in the Middle East: • Great Britain got Iraq, Transjordan & Palestine • France got Syria & Lebanon

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