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Topic 9 Minimizing infection through improved infection control

Topic 9 Minimizing infection through improved infection control. Learning objective. D emonstrate the devastating effects of inadequate infection control and know how to minimi z e the risks of contamination. Knowledge requirements. k now the extent of the problem of infection

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Topic 9 Minimizing infection through improved infection control

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  1. Topic 9 Minimizing infection through improved infection control

  2. Learning objective Demonstrate the devastating effects of inadequate infection control and know how to minimize the risks of contamination

  3. Knowledge requirements • know the extent of the problem of infection • know the main causes and types of infection

  4. Performance requirements • apply universal precautions • be immunized against Hepatitis B • use personal protection methods • know what to do if exposed • encourage others to use universal precautions

  5. What is the urgency? • can no longer rely on antibiotics • increased rates of nosocomial infections • infected patients: • stay longer in hospital • die • treated with more toxic and less effective drugs • prone to surgical site infections

  6. Campaigns to decrease infection rates • WHO “Clean hands are safer hands” campaign • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention campaign to prevent antimicrobial resistance in health-care settings • Institute for Healthcare Improvement “5 million lives” campaign

  7. Main causes of infection • person-person via hands of health-care providers patients and visitors • personal equipment (e.g. stethoscopes, personal digital assistants) and clothing • environmental contamination • airborne transmission • carriers on the hospital staff • rare common-source outbreaks

  8. Main types of infections • urinary track infections usually associated with catheters • Surgical infections • blood stream infections associated with the use of an intravascular device • pneumonia associated with ventilators • other sites

  9. Main types of infections Burke J Infection control-a problem for patient safety New Eng Journal of Medicine

  10. Prevention in hospitals • visibly clean • increased cleaning during outbreaks • use hypochlorite and detergents during outbreaks

  11. Prevention through handwashing • how to clean hands • rationale for choice of clean hand practice • technique for hand hygiene • protecting hands from decontaminates • promoting adherence to hand hygiene guidelines

  12. Protective equipment • gloves • aprons • face masks

  13. Safe disposal of sharps • keep handling to a minimum • do not recap needles; bend or break after use • discard each needle into a sharps container at the point of use • do not overload a bin if it is full • do not leave a sharp bin in the reach of children

  14. Performance requirements • apply universal precautions • be immunized against Hepatitis B • use personal protection methods • know what to do if exposed • encourage others to use universal precautions

  15. Act to minimize spread of infection • before contact with each and every patient: • clean hands before touching a patient • clean hands before an aseptic task • after contact with each and every patient: • clean hands after any risk of exposure to body fluids • clean hands after actual patient contact • clean hands after contact with patient surroundings

  16. Encourage others to participate in infection control • students may routinely observe staff who: • apply inadequate technique in handwashing • fail to wash hands • routinely violate correct infection control procedures

  17. Summary • know the main guidelines in each of the clinical environments you are assigned • accept responsibility for minimizing opportunities for infection transmission • let staff know if supplies are inadequate or depleted • educate patients and families/visitors about clean hands and infection transmission • ensure patients on precautions have same standard of care as others • frequency of entering the room • monitoring vital signs

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