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Implications of Roaming in Europe

Implications of Roaming in Europe. Ali Safari Khatouni (Dalhousie University) , A.M. Mandalari (University Carlos III of Madrid), A. Custura (University of Aberdeen), A. Lutu (Telefonica Research), Ö. Alay (Simula Metropolitan), M. Bagnulo (University Carlos III of Madrid),

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Implications of Roaming in Europe

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  1. Implications of Roaming in Europe Ali Safari Khatouni (Dalhousie University), A.M. Mandalari (University Carlos III of Madrid), A. Custura (University of Aberdeen), A. Lutu (Telefonica Research), Ö. Alay (Simula Metropolitan), M. Bagnulo (University Carlos III of Madrid), V. Bajpai (Technische Universität München), A. Brunstrom (Karlstad Universitet), J. Ott (Technische Universität München), M. Mellia (Politecnico di Torino), G. Fairhurst (University of Aberdeen)

  2. Outline Motivations Background Experimental setup: MONROE-Roaming Measurements: Roaming setup and performance VoIP Content discrimination Roaming results Experience and conclusion

  3. Outline Motivations Background Experimental setup: MONROE-Roaming Measurements: Roaming setup and performance VoIP Content discrimination Roaming results Experience and conclusion

  4. 15 June 2017 https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/roaming

  5. Why study International Roaming? Understand the roaming ecosystem in Europe after the “Roam like Home” initiative. Which technical solutions are actually being deployed and used today? What are the implications of roaming on the service experienced by the roaming user?

  6. Outline Motivations Background Experimental setup: MONROE-Roaming Measurements: Roaming setup and performance VoIP Content discrimination Roaming results Experience and conclusion

  7. Mobile Node (home user) Mobile Node (roaming user) Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network Further (mobile) network operators eNodeB eNodeB eNodeB eNodeB SGW MME SGW R R SGW MME SGW HSS HSS Evolved Packet Core (EPC) AAA AAA PGW PGW PGW PGW PGW PGW Visitednetwork Home network IPX network Home-routed Roaming IPX Hub Breakout Local Breakout Internet Home-Routed roaming (HR) Local Breakout (LBO) IPX Hub Breakout (IHBO) SGW : Serving Gateway PGW Packet Data Network Gateway IPX: IP Packet eXchange

  8. Outline Motivations Background Experimental setup: MONROE-Roaming Measurements: Roaming setup and performance VoIP Content discrimination Roaming results Experience and conclusion

  9. MONROE-Roaming Platform • MONROE-Roaming nodes

  10. MONROE-Roaming Platform • MONROE-Roaming nodes • MONROE-Roaming backend • One measurement server per country • MONROE-Roaming scheduler

  11. MONROE-Roaming Platform Mobile Network Operators NO Telia NO Telenor NO SE Telia SE Telenor SE 3 SE UK Vodafone UK EE DE Vodafone DE T-Mobile O2 ES Vodafone ES Movistar Orange IT Vodafone IT TIM 3 IT • Dataset • 3 months of collected traces in 2017 and 2018 • 12 nodes distributed in 6 countries • 16 operators (12 operators in Roaming) • More than 20000 experiments

  12. MONROE-Roaming Platform • Measure oneat a time (all nodes have the SAME SIM at the same time). • Measure the visited network natively, where possible. [1] MNO : Mobile Network Operator

  13. Experimental Setup

  14. Outline Motivations Background Experimental setup: MONROE-Roaming Measurements: Roaming setup and performance VoIP Content discrimination Roaming results Experience and conclusion

  15. Roaming Setup and Performance: Measurements • Radio metadata for tracking the roaming partner • Traceroute to discover roaming setup • dig: DNS against third party service providers (ad providers) • Curl: performance against 10 popular webservers

  16. Outline Motivations Background Experimental setup: MONROE-Roaming Measurements: Roaming setup and performance VoIP Content discrimination Roaming results Experience and conclusion

  17. Roaming Setup and Performance: Delay implications 99% of users experienced the RTT less than 120 ms ECDF: Empirical Cumulative Distribution Function

  18. Roaming Setup and Performance: Delay implications Longer the geographical distance implies the longer RTT ECDF: Empirical Cumulative Distribution Function

  19. Roaming Setup and Performance: Delay implications GPRS tunnel is slower than native Internet ECDF: Empirical Cumulative Distribution Function

  20. Roaming Setup and Performance: Delay implications Delay penalty to go back to home country ECDF: Empirical Cumulative Distribution Function

  21. Roaming Setup and Performance: DNS implications Roaming user Home user • For the home user the query time is significantly lower in average than for the other five roaming users

  22. Outline Motivations Background Experimental setup: MONROE-Roaming Measurements: Roaming setup and performance VoIP Content discrimination Roaming results Experience and conclusion

  23. VoIP and Content Discrimination: Measurements • Traffic differentiation measurements using three applications (FaceTime, Facebook Messenger, WhatsApp) to determine potential traffic differentiation in roaming • Ooniprobe web connectivity test We do not observe any traffic differentiation on any of the 16 MNOs we measure. We found no evidence of additional content discrimination Geo-restriction rules are the same “as home” https://ooni.torproject.org

  24. Outline Motivations Background Experimental setup: MONROE-Roaming Measurements: Roaming setup and performance VoIP Content discrimination Roaming results Experience and conclusion

  25. Roaming Experience • Synchronizing the measurements was the most challenging part • Synchronization over email (and sometimes phone, text, skype, smoke signals… ) • Re-purposing MONROE software was straightforward (thanks MONROE Engineering team!) • Marvin MONROE – a scheduling daemon https://github.com/MONROE-PROJECT/Scheduler • Taking care of MONROE nodes was challenging at times • Needed intervention at the deployment site, sometimes had to re-configure the nodes at every SIM change…

  26. Conclusion and Future Work • Home-Routed Roaming is the norm for the MNOs we measured and this is going to stay there! • Delay penalties on the roaming user • No traffic differentiation or content discrimination • Future work: exploration of potential performance penalties on actual end-user Quality of Experience (QoE)

  27. Happy Roaming to everybody!!! Ali.safari@dal.ca https://www.MONROE-project.eu/

  28. Backup Slides

  29. Dataset The code and the dataset collected is open to the community: https://www.it.uc3m.es/amandala/roaming.html

  30. Measurement setup Video and Audio calls User A User B .pcap • Prepare collected traces to: • Check the call establishment using the app on real mobile phone • Replay all UDP datagrams • From user A to user B (Upload link)

  31. Visited Country Home Country Measurement setup Server TCPReplay Server opx

  32. VoIP: Results • We do not observe any traffic differentiation on any of the 16 MNOs we measure.

  33. Content discrimination: Results • Interference profile match Home vs. Roaming • We found no evidence of additional content discrimination • Geo-restriction rules are the same “as home”

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