Utilizing a Spring as a Kinetic Regenerative Braking System in Vehicles

1. Utilizing a Spring as a Kinetic Regenerative Braking System in Vehicles Eugene Lee

2. Need Graph 1 Engine Sizes from 2000-2007 • Modern engines are excessively large http://www.mfe.govt.nz/environmental-reporting/report-cards/transport/2009/images/figure-8.jpg

3. Diagram 1 (Martinez et al, 2008) • Domestic Transport produced 10% of total emission in Europe during 2004

4. Regenerative Braking • Mostly electrical systems in use • Conversion losses

5. Regenerative Braking • Kinetic energy recovery systems do not suffer from electrical losses • Flywheel, Hydraulic, Spring systems

6. Vex Robotics • Vex Robots will be used to simulate a vehicle Example of programming setup

7. Processing Unit Motor Motor Spring Activator Motor Rack and Pinion Gears Spring Axle Rubber dots act as Face Gears Ratchet Model Design Plan Vex Robot Battery Gear separates, allowing wheels to turn Motor Wheels Spring has tension Spring attaches onto static gear ‘Gears’ intermesh, causing the Spring to spin on one end Spring attaches onto wheel, releases energy Turns Movement Motors Turns Spring Activator Motor Activate Motors

8. MATLAB • A computational program which can be used to simulate real world forces ADVISOR - a Premade system for regenerative braking Example code and graphical view

9. http://www3.ntu.edu.sg/eee/news/FTF/FTF_Design_Challenge.pdf Literature Review Li, Chenghan; Wang, Cunzhe; Leng Pelie, Woo Pak; Wei, Thia; “Kinetic Energy Recovery System for Vehicles”; Nanyang Technological Institute, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; 7 October, 2008 • Li et al (2008) used a microcontroller and CVT to increase the efficiency Accelerometer and MCU Engine CVT Torsion Spring Figure 2: Shows a simple CVT Figure 1: Shows the system configuration of Li’s drive system.

10. http://designscience.umich.edu/pdf%20files/APD-2003-04.pdf Literature Review Leonard, Peter; Resciniti, Michael; Peshkess, Adi; Regenerative Braking System; ME 59; 9-2003-02 • Leonard et al (2003) used a tension spring to store energy for bicycles.

11. www.hevc08.org.uk/PDF/08.%20U.Diego-Ayala_HEVC08.pdf Literature Review Martinez-Gonzalez, Pablo; Diego-Ayala, Ulises; Pullen, Keith; A Simple Mechanical Transmission System For Hybrid Vehicles Incorporating A Flywheel; City University of London; December 8, 2008 • Martinez et al 2008 experimented with a mechanical flywheel regenerative model • In an urban setting, frequent braking is observed

12. http://146.164.33.61/termo/Motores/trabalhos%2007/P2000_04.pdfhttp://146.164.33.61/termo/Motores/trabalhos%2007/P2000_04.pdf Literature Review Panagiotidis, Michael; Delagrammatikas, George; Assanis, Dennis; Development and Use of a Regenerative Braking Model for a Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle; The University of Michigan, SAE 2000 World Congress; March 6, 2000 • Used MATLAB to simulate Regenerative Braking in a vehicle Figure 1. SIMULINK block diagram schematic of ADVISOR used in research

13. Purpose • To determine a spring powered kinetic energy regeneration system’s feasibility in real world usage.

14. Engineering Goals • To create a working system that: • allows for greater energy production than energy lost through its friction • successfully is able to use energy lost from braking to forward momentum

15. Budget Available at school

16. Flowchart Vex Robot MATLAB Physical Testing Computer Simulation Determine energy output of spring device Determine energy output of spring device n=50 Distance traveled / # of rotations Energy captured Distance traveled / # of rotations Compare results, should not be significantly different from each other Without Equipment (control) With Equipment (friction + weight) With unattached Equipment (weight) Without Equipment (control) With Equipment (friction + weight) With unattached Equipment (weight) n=50 Distance traveled / # of rotations Distance traveled / # of rotations Compare two results, should not be significantly different from each other Compare spring output energy with spring energy losses Analyze through SPSS after processing

17. Do-ability • VEX robot is easy to use and adjust • No large or costly materials • Prior experience with programming and other robotics • Going to Stony Brook Engineering Camp

18. Bibliography • Hewitt, Paul G.; Conceptual Physics; New York: Addison Wesley; 2003 • Li, Chenghan; Wang, Cunzhe; Leng Pelie, Woo Pak; Wei, Thia; Kinetic Energy Recovery System for Vehicles; Nanyang Technological Institute, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; 7 October, 2008 • Leonard, Peter; Resciniti, Michael; Peshkess, Adi; Regenerative Braking System; ME 59; 9-2003-02 • Kilcarr, Sean; Shifting for fuel economy; Fleet Owner; February 1, 2006 • Harrington, Winston; A Lighter Tread? Policy and Technology Options for Motor Vehicles; Environment; September 1, 2003; Volume 45 #9; Page 22 • Martinez, James; Brake energy regeneration in F1 by 2009; Motor Authority; June 5, 2007; <http://www.motorauthority.com/brake-energy-regeneration-in-f1-by-2009.html> • Martinez-Gonzalez, Pablo; Diego-Ayala, Ulises; Pullen, Keith; A Simple Mechanical Transmission System For Hybrid Vehicles Incorporating A Flywheel; City University of London; December 8, 2008 • Ogando, Joseph; A different Kind of Hybrid; Design News, July 16, 2007; Volume 62 #10; Page 75 http://www.hevc08.org.uk/PDF/08.%20U.Diego-Ayala_HEVC08.pdf