Interest Groups

1. 15 Interest Groups

2. Video: The Big Picture 15 http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MEDIA_1/polisci/presidency/OConner_Ch15_Interest_Groups_Seg1_v2.html

3. 15 Learning Objectives • Trace the roots of the American interest group system 15.1 Describe the historical development of American interest groups 15.2

4. 15 Learning Objectives • Identify several strategies and tactics used by organized interests 15.3 • Analyze the factors that make an interest group successful 15.4

5. 15 Learning Objectives • Explain reform efforts geared toward regulating interest groups and lobbyists 15.5

6. Video: The Basics 15 http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MEDIA_1/polisci/presidency/Seg2_InterestGroups_v2.html

7. 15.1 Roots of the American Interest Group System • Theories of Interest Group Formation • Kinds of Organized Interests

8. Public Interest Groups Seek a collective good Economic Interest Groups Promote the economic interests of their members Governmental Units State and local governments lobby, too Political Action Committees Officially registered fundraising organizations that represent interest groups 15.1 Kinds of Interest Groups

9. 15.1 TABLE 15.1: What are the Characteristics of Selected Interest Groups?

10. Video: In Context 15.1 http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MEDIA_1/polisci/presidency/Seg3_InterestGroups_v2.html

11. 15.1 15.1Subscribers to this theory emphasize the role of the elites in interest group formation: Pluralist theory Disturbance theory Transactions theory None of the above

12. 15.1 15.1Subscribers to this theory emphasize the role of the elites in interest group formation: Pluralist theory Disturbance theory Transactions theory None of the above

13. Video: In the Real World 15.1 http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MEDIA_1/polisci/presidency/Seg5_InterestGroups_v2.html

14. 15.2 The Development of American Interest Groups • National Groups Emerge (1830-1889) • The Progressive Era (1890-1920) • The Rise of the Interest Group State

15. 15.2 National Groups Emerge • American Anti-Slavery Society • One of the first national groups • Women’s Christian Temperance Union • Sought Prohibition • The Grange • Educated farmers and sought legislation • Business Interests • Standard Oil • Railroad

16. 15.2 The Grange

17. Organized Labor American Federation of Labor Clayton Act – allowed unions to strike Business Groups and Trade Associations National Association of Manufacturers Chamber of Commerce 15.2 The Progressive Era

18. Conservative Response: Religious and Ideological Groups Moral Majority, Christian Coalition and the National Rifle Association Business Groups, Corporations, and Associations Chamber of Commerce, Business Roundtable Organized Labor American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations 15.2 The Rise of the Interest Group State

19. 15.2 How is the face of union membership changing?

20. 15.2 15.2Which statement concerning the rise of national interest groups is true? Their rise followed improvements in communication networks They generally were concerned with one issue They tended to fall into the public interest category All of the above

21. 15.2 15.2Which statement concerning the rise of national interest groups is true? Their rise followed improvements in communication networks They generally were concerned with one issue They tended to fall into the public interest category All of the above

22. 15.3 What Do Interest Groups Do? • Lobbying • Election Activities

23. Lobbying Congress Lobbying the Executive Branch Lobbying the Courts Grassroots Lobbying Protests and Radical Activism 15.3 Lobbying

24. 15.3 FIGURE 15.1: How Many Lobbyists Are There? How Much Do They Spend?

25. 15.3 What Role Do Lobbyists Play in Congress?

26. 15.3 Election Activities • Candidate recruitment and endorsements • Getting out the vote • Rating the candidates or office holders • Campaign contributions

27. 15.3 FIGURE 15.2: How Much Money Do Interest Groups Spend on Elections?

28. 15.3 15.3This type of lobbying activity has become a favorite of anti-war and animal activists: Congressional lobbying Executive branch lobbying Lobbying the courts Grassroots lobbying Protests and radical activism

29. 15.3 15.3This type of lobbying activity has become a favorite of anti-war and animal activists: Congressional lobbying Executive branch lobbying Lobbying the courts Grassroots lobbying Protests and radical activism

30. 15.4 What Makes Interest Groups Successful? • Leaders • Funding and Patrons • Members

31. The fate of interest groups may rest with their leaders William Lloyd Garrison Frances Willard Marian Wright Edelman Pat Robertson 15.4 Leaders

32. 15.4 Who are interest group leaders?

33. Revenue to cover costs Membership dues Direct-mail solicitations Special events Patrons 15.4 Funding and Patrons

34. Levels of membership Leadership Working members Dues-paying members “free-riders” Variety of benefits AAA - roadside assistance AARP - discounts 15.4 Members

35. 15.4 How Do Interest Groups Convince Potential Members to Become Dues-Paying Members?

36. 15.4 15.4Material benefits are offered by groups in order to: Combat the free-rider problem Encourage people to join Encourage activity within the group All of the above

37. 15.4 15.4Material benefits are offered by groups in order to: Combat the free-rider problem Encourage people to join Encourage activity within the group All of the above

38. 15.5 Toward reform: Regulating Interest Groups and Lobbyists • Regulating Congressional Lobbyists • Regulating Executive Branch Lobbyists • Regulating Judicial Branch Lobbyists

39. Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act (1946) Required registration of lobbyists Lobbying Disclosure Act (1995) Stricter definition of lobbying Tougher registration requirements Report clients and issues Estimate amount paid by clients Honest Leadership and Open Government Act of 2007 Bans on gifts; longer waiting periods 15.5 Regulating Congressional Lobbyists

40. Executive Branch Lobbying Disclosure Act Honest Leadership and Open Government Act 1978 Ethics in Government Act Judicial Branch Few formal regulations Amicus curiae is chief tool 15.5 Regulating Executive and Judicial Branch Lobbyists

41. 15.5 15.5Which of these lobbying regulations banned gifts and public speaking fees? Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act Lobbying Disclosure Act Honest Leadership and Open Government Act None of the above

42. 15.5 15.5Which of these lobbying regulations banned gifts and public speaking fees? Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act Lobbying Disclosure Act Honest Leadership and Open Government Act None of the above