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National Laws, Regulations and Institutional Capabilities for Standards Development

National Laws, Regulations and Institutional Capabilities for Standards Development. Spencer Henson University of Guelph. Overview. Background Standards and development Standards system Standards development Conformity assessment Technical and administrative capacities

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National Laws, Regulations and Institutional Capabilities for Standards Development

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  1. National Laws, Regulations and Institutional Capabilities for Standards Development Spencer Henson University of Guelph

  2. Overview • Background • Standards and development • Standards system • Standards development • Conformity assessment • Technical and administrative capacities • Private sector strategies • Enhancing capacities • Conclusions

  3. Conclusions • Standardization capacity important • One size does not fit all……. • Roles in capacity-building • Effective capacity-building • High cost-high benefit

  4. Background • Incidence of standards • Drivers of standardization • Role of standardization

  5. Notifications of Technical Measures to GATT/WTO, 1981-2002

  6. Notifications under SPS Agreement, 1995-2000

  7. Background • Incidence of standards • Drivers of standardization • Role of standardization

  8. Overview • Background • Standards and development • Standards system • Standards development • Conformity assessment • Technical and administrative capacities • Private sector strategies • Enhancing capacities • Conclusions

  9. Standards and Development • Need for national standards infrastructure • Need to prioritise • Do have choices • Capacity-building strategies • Issues and needs highly context-specific

  10. ‘Traditional’ Approach Key objectives: Weights & measures Health & safety Static structure Domestic focus Public sector activity Regulatory focus ‘New’ Approach Domestic & external focus Extended infrastructure Flexible & dynamic structure Public-private sector activity International recognition ‘Voluntary’ standards Approaches to Standardization

  11. Standards and Development • Need for national standards infrastructure • Need to prioritise • Do have choices • Capacity-building strategies • Issues and needs highly context-specific

  12. One Size Does Not Fit All! • Prevailing capacity • Industrialization • Economic diversity • Export markets • Domestic consumer demands • Nature of the country

  13. Overview • Background • Standards and development • Standards system • Standards development • Conformity assessment • Technical and administrative capacities • Private sector strategies • Enhancing capacities • Conclusions

  14. Standards System • All activities associated with standardization • Focus • Elements: • Regulations, rules & standards • Institutions • Technical, administrative & financial capacities

  15. Standards System • Is a national standards body needed? • Forms of standards institutions • Operating principles • Role of standards institutions

  16. Alternatives to a National Standards Body • Existing industrial and trade practices • Standards of others • Association with neighbouring country • Regional standardization • Existing organizations

  17. Positioning of Standards Institutions (2000)

  18. Operating Principles • Independence • Responsive to industry needs • Flexible • Stable • Strategic focus • International standardisation activities

  19. Role of Standards Institutions • Establishing standards • Testing • Third party certification • Accreditation • Metrology • Standards information

  20. Overview • Background • Standards and development • Standards system • Standards development • Conformity assessment • Technical and administrative capacities • Private sector strategies • Enhancing capacities • Conclusions

  21. Standards Development Identifying standards needs and priorities Developing standards Decision-making Implementation and promotion Review

  22. Identifying Standards Needs and Priorities • Processes • Interested parties • Factors in priority-setting • Decision-making

  23. Processes of Needs Identification • Needs identified by national standards body • Structured consultation • Voluntary suggestions

  24. Interested Parties • National/sub-national government • Manufacturers/suppliers/distributors • Professional institutions • Research institutions • Consumers • Regional standardization bodies

  25. Factors in Priority-Setting • Objectives of the standard • Economic factors • Government requirements • Other standards • Capacity/resources

  26. Standards Development Identifying standards needs and priorities Developing standards Decision-making Implementation and promotion Review

  27. Implementation and Promotion • Actors • Functions • Revenue generation

  28. Role of Stakeholders • Inclusion • Dissemination • Transparency • Facilitation

  29. Overview • Background • Standards and development • Standards system • Standards development • Conformity assessment • Technical and administrative capacities • Private sector strategies • Enhancing capacities • Conclusions

  30. Conformity Assessment • Assessment of conformity with standards • Close links with standardization process • Levels/forms of conformity assessment

  31. Mutual Recognition • Recognition of conformity assessment procedures by another party • Key issue in world trade • Forms • Promoted by World Trade Organization

  32. Inter-American Accreditation Council (IAAC) • Eliminating technical barriers to trade in FTAA • Support market in demand for MRAs • Equivalence in accreditation programs

  33. Overview • Background • Standards and development • Standards system • Standards development • Conformity assessment • Technical and administrative capacities • Private sector strategies • Enhancing capacities • Conclusions

  34. Technical and Administrative Capacities • Elements of capacity • Forms of capacity • Location

  35. Elements of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Control Capacity

  36. Technical and Administrative Capacities • Elements of capacity • Forms of capacity • Location

  37. Forms of Capacity • Institutional structures/procedures • Physical infrastructure • Human capital • Sustainability

  38. Management of Food Safety Controls in Kenyan Fish Sector • Location of Competent Authority • Restrictions on exports to the EU • Reformed structure • Impact on ability to address EU concerns

  39. Technical and Administrative Capacities • Elements of capacity • Forms of capacity • Location

  40. Food and Agricultural Inspection in India

  41. Private Sector Capacity • Individual enterprises • Consortia • Commercial capacity • Professional societies • Educational establishments • Industry organizations

  42. Overview • Background • Standards and development • Standards system • Standards development • Conformity assessment • Technical and administrative capacities • Private sector strategies • Enhancing capacities • Conclusions

  43. Private Sector Strategies • Importance • Private standards-setting • Individual versus collective strategies • Strategic response

  44. Private Sector Strategies Defensive Reactive Proactive Offensive

  45. Overview • Background • Standards and development • Standards system • Standards development • Conformity assessment • Technical and administrative capacities • Private sector strategies • Enhancing capacities • Conclusions

  46. Means to Enhance Standardization Capacity • Awareness and recognition • Physical infrastructure • Human capital • Institution-building

  47. Building Standardization Capacity Government Institutions Private Sector Civil Society

  48. ‘Innovative’ Approaches • Staff secondments • Mentoring • Twinning • Learning from one another • Regional capacity-building

  49. CARICOM Regional Organisation for Standards and Quality (CROSQ) • Developed out of Caribbean Common Market Standards Council (CCMSC) • Operational in 2002 • Objectives

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