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ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE

IB GEOGRAPHY HIGHER LEVEL EXTENSION PART 4. ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE. This part of global interactions includes. Degradation of raw materials – Effects of agro-industrialisation Effects of transnational manufacturing and services Transboundary pollution (with case-study)

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ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE

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  1. IB GEOGRAPHY HIGHER LEVEL EXTENSION PART 4 ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE

  2. This part of global interactions includes • Degradation of raw materials – Effects of agro-industrialisation • Effects of transnational manufacturing and services • Transboundary pollution (with case-study) • Homogenisation of landscapes

  3. Introduction • The ‘Anthropocene’ • This is a term given to mark the evidence and extent of human activities that have had a significant global impact on the Earth’s ecosystems • In what way? - history

  4. IB GEOGRAPHY HIGHER LEVEL EXTENSION PART 4 ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE DEGRADATION THROUGH RAW MATERIAL PRODUCTION Agro-industrialization

  5. What does the syllabus say? ‘Identify the effects of agro-industrialization and changes in international production and consumption on the physical environment’

  6. What is agro-industrialisation? • The development of agriculture by combining corporate and industrial techniques • NOT uniform around the world – farming is a global business run by large corporations in MEDCs • BUT still many subsistent farms in LEDCs • Agro-industrialisation is said to have a NEGATIVE environmental impact.

  7. Some Key terms: Mechanisation, mass production, standardisation of products, efficient supply chain, large scale distribution, deforestation Agriculture becomes ‘food production industry’

  8. Main Issues • Huge rising world population • All need fed • How do we continue? • How can we be sustainable? • What has been done to the environment? • Ted documentary – What human impacts have there been on the environment? How have landscapes been changed? What role does globalisation play?

  9. General observations • Larger farms and field sizes for more efficient use of machinery such as combine harvesters. • Decreasing biodiversity due to monocultural production. • Increasing use of pesticides, herbicides as agricultural inputs due to reduction in natural predators eg birds. • Increasing use of fertilizers needed as soil fertility is reduced through over use.

  10. General observations • Decreasing natural vegetation cover. Eg hedgerows being cut down to increase field size. • Increasing use of natural waterways (rivers) for irrigation of farmland leads to decreasing water supply for natural environment. • Pollution of water and eutrophication (ecosystem response to the addition of artificial or natural substances)

  11. Short video clip on monoculture • Read pages 646-649 on agro-industrialisation and answer QBlock 15A

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