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SWCLOS: A Semantic Web Processor on CLOS

SWCLOS: A Semantic Web Processor on CLOS. Seiji Koide National Institute of Informatics. SWCLOS Web Site. http://www-kasm.nii.ac.jp/~koide/SWCLOS2-en.htm For installing free Allegro Common Lisp Express, visit http://www.franz.com/downloads/

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SWCLOS: A Semantic Web Processor on CLOS

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  1. SWCLOS:A Semantic Web Processor on CLOS Seiji Koide National Institute of Informatics

  2. SWCLOS Web Site • http://www-kasm.nii.ac.jp/~koide/SWCLOS2-en.htm • For installing free Allegro Common Lisp Express, visit http://www.franz.com/downloads/ • For making mlisp image from Express version, visit http://www.franz.com/support/faq/index.lhtml#s3q13

  3. Objectives of This Tutorial • For CLOS Hacker • Provide an example of CLOS application • Enlighten CLOS Semantics in Semantic Web • For Lisper • Provide a tool for Semantic Web Processing

  4. What is SWCLOS? • Semantic Web Processor on top of CLOS • Processing Ontology in RDFS and OWL • Input Ontology in S-expression, RDF/XML, Triples • Output Ontology in S-expression , RDF/XML, Triples • An Amalgam of CLOS and RDFS/OWL • Pros • A tool for CLOS programmers for Semantic Web programming • Cons • Unavailable for C# and Java Programmers

  5. Agenda • Gentle Introduction of Semantic Web • RDF Graph • Introductory Example • RDF and RDFS Vocabulary and Semantics • rdf:type, rdfs:subClassOf • rdfs:domain, rdfs:range • rdfs:subPropertyOf • OWL Vocabulary and Semantics • Slot value restriction • Compound concepts • Advanced Talk • Semantics of RDF • Semantics of OWL • Reflection

  6. Semantic Web Layer-cake

  7. Semantic Web Layer-cake UNICODE Globally defined multi-language character sets Globally identify resources

  8. UNICODE at Allegro Common Lisphttp://www.franz.com/support/documentation/7.0/doc/iacl.htm Internally, all Lisp strings are represented as arrays of Unicode character codes. Each array element is exactly 16-bits wide, even if the string contains only 7-bit ASCII characters. This widening of strings causes a memory usage increase. However, since almost all initial Allegro CL strings are stored in memory-mapped files, the initial runtime memory usage difference between International Allegro CL and non-international Allegro CL is less than 5%.

  9. URI Library at Allegro Common Lisphttp://www.franz.com/support/documentation/7.0/doc/uri.htm URI stands for Universal Resource Identifier. For a description of URIs, see RFC2396, which can be found in several places, including the IETF web site (http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt) and the UCI/ICS web site (http://www.ics.uci.edu/pub/ietf/uri/rfc2396.txt). We prefer the UCI/ICS one as it has more examples. URIs are a superset in functionality and syntax to URLs (Universal Resource Locators) and URNs (Universal Resource Names). That is, RFC2396 updates and merges RFC1738 and RFC1808 into a single syntax, called the URI. It does exclude some portions of RFC1738 that define specific syntax of individual URL schemes.

  10. Semantic Web Layer-cake Machine readable markup language Independent vocabulary in different NAMESPACE XML Schema Common Datatype

  11. Semantic Web Layer-cake Resource Description Framework

  12. Semantic Web Layer-cake Minimal set for ontology description

  13. Resource Description Framework • RDF Primer • http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-primer/ • Concepts and Abstract Syntax • http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-concepts/ • RDF/XML Syntax Specification • http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar/ • RDF Semantics • http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-mt/ • RDF Vocabulary Description Language • http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/ • RDF Test Cases • http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-testcases/

  14. Introductory Example Obsolete RDFS Documenthttp://www.w3.org/TR/2002/WD-rdf-schema-20021112/ Theoretical model in RDF is a labeled directed graph.

  15. Introductory Example Obsolete RDFS Documenthttp://www.w3.org/TR/2002/WD-rdf-schema-20021112/

  16. Introductory Example (Pure CLOS) Obsolete RDFS Documenthttp://www.w3.org/TR/2002/WD-rdf-schema-20021112/ superclass superclass superclass superclass class-of superclass class-of class-of

  17. Introductory Example (Pure CLOS) Obsolete RDFS Documenthttp://www.w3.org/TR/2002/WD-rdf-schema-20021112/ (defpackage rdf (:documentation "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns")) (defpackage rdfs (:documentation "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema")) (defpackage eg (:documentation "http://somewhere-for-eg/eg")) (defpackage dc (:documentation "http://dublincore.org/2002/08/13/dces")) (defclass rdfs::Resource ( ) ((rdf::about :initarg :about))) (defclass eg::Work (rdfs::Resource) ( )) (defclass eg::Agent (rdfs::Resource) ( )) (defclass eg::Person (eg::Agent) ((eg::name :initarg :name))) (defclass eg::Document (eg::Work) ((eg::author :initarg :author :type eg::Person) (dc::title :initarg :title)))

  18. Introductory Example (Pure CLOS) Obsolete RDFS Documenthttp://www.w3.org/TR/2002/WD-rdf-schema-20021112/ (defclass rdfs::Resource ( ) ((rdf::about :initarg :about))) (defclass eg::Work (rdfs::Resource) ( )) (defclass eg::Agent (rdfs::Resource) ( )) (defclass eg::Person (eg::Agent) ((eg::name :initarg :name))) (defclass eg::Document (eg::Work) ((eg::author :initarg :author :type eg::Person) (dc::title :initarg :title))) (setq eg::Proposal (make-instance 'eg::Document :author (make-instance 'eg::Person :name "Tim Berners-Lee") :title "Information Management: A Proposal" :about "http:/…/Proposal/")) (describe eg::Proposal) Bind to the Name Symbol Lisp Native Function

  19. Case Sensitive Lisp or Modern Lisp ACL8.1 or 8.0 in Windows Start  Program  Allegro CL  Modern ACL Images  Allegro CL (w IDE, Modern) DO NOT SELECT ANSI image IN WINDOW SWCLOS requires Case Sensitive Mode of ACL.

  20. SWCLOS Web Site • http://www-kasm.nii.ac.jp/~koide/SWCLOS2-en.htm • For installing free Allegro Common Lisp Express, visit http://www.franz.com/downloads/ • For making mlisp image from Express version, visit http://www.franz.com/support/faq/index.lhtml#s3q13

  21. Introductory Example Obsolete RDFS Documenthttp://www.w3.org/TR/2002/WD-rdf-schema-20021112/ <http://somewhere-for-eg/eg#Work> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf> <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Resource> . eg:Work rdfs:subClassOf rdfs:Resource .

  22. Introductory Example Obsolete RDFS Documenthttp://www.w3.org/TR/2002/WD-rdf-schema-20021112/ eg:Work rdfs:subClassOf rdfs:Resource .

  23. Introductory Example Obsolete RDFS Documenthttp://www.w3.org/TR/2002/WD-rdf-schema-20021112/ eg:Work rdfs:subClassOf rdfs:Resource . eg:Agent rdfs:subClassOf rdfs:Resource .

  24. Introductory Example Obsolete RDFS Documenthttp://www.w3.org/TR/2002/WD-rdf-schema-20021112/ eg:Work rdfs:subClassOf rdfs:Resource . eg:Agent rdfs:subClassOf rdfs:Resource . eg:author rdf:type rdf:Property .

  25. Introductory Example Obsolete RDFS Documenthttp://www.w3.org/TR/2002/WD-rdf-schema-20021112/ eg:Work rdfs:subClassOf rdfs:Resource . eg:Agent rdfs:subClassOf rdfs:Resource . eg:author rdf:type rdf:Property . eg:author rdfs:domain eg:Document .

  26. Introductory Example Obsolete RDFS Documenthttp://www.w3.org/TR/2002/WD-rdf-schema-20021112/ eg:Work rdfs:subClassOf rdfs:Resource . eg:Agent rdfs:subClassOf rdfs:Resource . eg:author rdf:type rdf:Property . eg:author rdfs:domain eg:Document . eg:author rdfs:range eg:Person .

  27. Introductory Example Obsolete RDFS Documenthttp://www.w3.org/TR/2002/WD-rdf-schema-20021112/ eg:Work rdfs:subClassOf rdfs:Resource . eg:Agent rdfs:subClassOf rdfs:Resource . eg:author rdf:type rdf:Property . eg:author rdfs:domain eg:Document . eg:author rdfs:range eg:Person . http:/.../Proposal/ eg:author _:a01 .

  28. Introductory Example Obsolete RDFS Documenthttp://www.w3.org/TR/2002/WD-rdf-schema-20021112/ eg:Work rdfs:subClassOf rdfs:Resource . eg:Agent rdfs:subClassOf rdfs:Resource . eg:author rdf:type rdf:Property . eg:author rdfs:domain eg:Document . eg:author rdfs:range eg:Person . http:/.../Proposal/ eg:author _:a01 . _:a01 rdf:type eg:Person .

  29. Introductory Example Obsolete RDFS Documenthttp://www.w3.org/TR/2002/WD-rdf-schema-20021112/ eg:Work rdfs:subClassOf rdfs:Resource . eg:Agent rdfs:subClassOf rdfs:Resource . eg:author rdf:type rdf:Property . eg:author rdfs:domain eg:Document . eg:author rdfs:range eg:Person . http:/.../Proposal/ eg:author _:a01 . _:a01 rdf:type eg:Person . _:a01 eg:name "Tim Berners-Lee" .

  30. Introductory Example Obsolete RDFS Documenthttp://www.w3.org/TR/2002/WD-rdf-schema-20021112/ eg:Work rdfs:subClassOf rdfs:Resource . eg:Agent rdfs:subClassOf rdfs:Resource . eg:author rdf:type rdf:Property . eg:author rdfs:domain eg:Document . eg:author rdfs:range eg:Person . http:/.../Proposal/ eg:author _:a01 . _:a01 rdf:type eg:Person . _:a01 eg:name "Tim Berners-Lee" . http:/.../Proposal/ dc:title "Information Management: A Proposal" .

  31. Introductory Example Obsolete RDFS Documenthttp://www.w3.org/TR/2002/WD-rdf-schema-20021112/

  32. Introductory Example Obsolete RDFS Documenthttp://www.w3.org/TR/2002/WD-rdf-schema-20021112/

  33. Introductory Example (SWCLOS)Obsolete RDFS Documenthttp://www.w3.org/TR/2002/WD-rdf-schema-20021112/ Already defined in SWCLOS (in-package gx-user) rdfs:Resource  #<rdfs:Class rdfs:Resource> (defpackage eg (:documentation "http://somewhere-for-eg/eg")) (defpackage dc (:documentation "http://dublincore.org/2002/08/13/dces")) (defResource eg::Work (rdfs:subClassOf rdfs:Resource)) (defResource eg::Agent (rdfs:subClassOf rdfs:Resource)) (defResource eg::Person (rdfs:subClassOf eg:Agent)) (defResource eg::Document (rdfs:subClassOf eg:Work)) (defProperty eg::author (rdfs:domain eg:Document) (rdfs:range eg:Person)) Double colons needed only at first Single colon accepted secondly and after

  34. Introductory Example (SWCLOS)Obsolete RDFS Documenthttp://www.w3.org/TR/2002/WD-rdf-schema-20021112/ rdfs:domain directs a class where the slot definition is attached. rdfs:range denotes a class of slot value. (defProperty eg::name (rdfs:domain eg:Person) (rdfs:range rdfs:Literal)) (defProperty dc::title (rdfs:domain eg:Document) (rdfs:range rdfs:Literal)) (defIndividual eg::Proposal (rdf:type eg::Document) (eg:author (eg:Person (eg:name "Tim Berners-Lee"))) (dc:title "Information Management: A Proposal") (rdf:about "http:/…/Proposal/")) A bnode is automatically created on demand.

  35. Introductory Example Obsolete RDFS Documenthttp://www.w3.org/TR/2002/WD-rdf-schema-20021112/ eg:Person  eg:author  eg:Proposal  (describe eg:Proposal)  (get-form eg:Proposal)  (write-xml eg:Proposal) (-> eg:Proposal dc:title)  (-> eg:Proposal eg:author eg:name)  (-> eg:Proposal eg:author rdf:type)  The RDF/XML form of eg:Proposal is printed. Start from 1st parameter and travel the graph along with the path

  36. RDF Vocabulary Description Language 1.0: RDF Schema W3C Recommendation 10 February 2004  RDF Classes

  37. RDF Vocabulary Description Language 1.0: RDF Schema W3C Recommendation 10 February 2004  RDF Properties

  38. Entailment Ruleshttp://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-mt/

  39. Entailment Ruleshttp://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-mt/ Subsumption Rule Transitivity Rule (defclass xxx ( ) ( ) ) (setq vvv (make-instance (defclass uuu (xxx) ( )))) (typep vvv xxx)  true (defclass xxx ( ) ( )) (defclass vvv (xxx) ( )) (defclass uuu (vvv) ( )) (subtypep 'uuu 'xxx)  true

  40. Subsumption rule in Wine Ontology (RDFS) rdfs:subClassOf rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:type class instance rdfs:Class rdfs:Resource WineDescriptor WineColor PotableLiquid Wine Zinfandel rdf:Property Red Winery rdfs:range rdfs:domain hasColor rdfs:range rdfs:domain Elyse rdfs:domain hasMaker rdfs:domain rdfs:range rdfs:range ElyseZinfandel hasMaker rdfs:domain rdfs:range rdfs:range rdfs:domain hasWineDescriptor hasColor

  41. Subsumption rule in Wine Ontology (RDFS) Transition rule of rdfs:subClassOf rdfs:subClassOf rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:type class instance rdfs:Class rdfs:Resource PotableLiquid PotableLiquid Wine Wine Zinfandel Zinfandel rdf:Property rdfs:range rdfs:domain rdfs:range rdfs:domain rdfs:domain rdfs:range (defTriple vin:Wine rdfs:subClassOf food:PotableLiquid) Rdfs rule 11 (subtypep vin:Zinfandel food:PotableLiquid)  t (defTriple vin:Zinfandel rdfs:subClassOf vin:Wine)

  42. Subsumption rule in Wine Ontology (RDFS) Subsumption rule rdfs:subClassOf rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:type class instance rdfs:Class rdfs:Resource PotableLiquid PotableLiquid Wine Wine Zinfandel Zinfandel rdf:Property rdfs:range rdfs:domain rdfs:range rdfs:domain rdfs:domain rdfs:range ElyseZinfandel ElyseZinfandel (defTriple vin:Wine rdfs:subClassOf food:PotableLiquid) Rdfs rule 9 (typep vin:ElyseZinfandel food:PotableLiquid)  t (defTriple vin:Zinfandel rdfs:subClassOf vin:Wine) (defTriple vin:ElyseZinfandel rdf:type vin:Zinfandel)

  43. Summary of Introduction • Case sensitive lisp • A QName is represented as an exported lisp symbol. • Namespace is realized by using lisp package. • A resource of RDF is created as a CLOS object, and bound to the QName. • rdf:type to class-of (type-of) mapping • rdfs:subClassOf to superclass mapping • Define Macro defResource, defIndividual, and defProperty

  44. Entailment Ruleshttp://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-mt/ Domain Entailment Range Entailment

  45. Entailment Ruleshttp://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-mt/

  46. Domain & Range in Wine Ontology (RDFS) rdfs:subClassOf rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:type class instance rdfs:Class rdfs:Resource WineDescriptor WineColor PotableLiquid Wine Zinfandel rdf:Property Red Winery rdfs:range rdfs:domain hasColor rdfs:range rdfs:domain Elyse rdfs:domain hasMaker rdfs:domain rdfs:range rdfs:range ElyseZinfandel hasMaker rdfs:domain rdfs:range rdfs:range rdfs:domain hasWineDescriptor hasColor rdfs:domain： classes that are reachable from a subject node with an path of rdf:typerdfs:subClassOf rdfs:range： classes that are reachable from a object node with an path of rdf:typerdfs:subClassOf

  47. Domain & Range in Wine Ontology (RDFS) Extension rule of rdfs:domain rdfs:subClassOf rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:type class instance rdfs:Class rdfs:Resource PotableLiquid PotableLiquid Wine Wine rdf:Property rdfs:range rdfs:domain rdfs:range rdfs:domain rdfs:domain rdfs:range rdfs:domain hasColor hasColor (defTriple vin:hasColor rdfs:domain vin:Wine) Ext rule 1 (domainp vin:hasColor food:PotableLiquid) t

  48. Domain & Range in Wine Ontology (RDFS) Extension rule of rdfs:range rdfs:subClassOf rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:type class instance rdfs:Class rdfs:Resource WineColor PotableLiquid Wine rdf:Property rdfs:range rdfs:domain rdfs:range rdfs:domain rdfs:domain rdfs:range rdfs:domain rdfs:range hasColor (defTriple vin:hasColor rdfs:range vin:WineColor) (defTriple vin:WineColor rdfs:subClassOf vin:WineDescriptor)

  49. Domain & Range in Wine Ontology (RDFS) Extension rule of rdfs:range rdfs:subClassOf rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:type class instance rdfs:Class WineColor rdfs:Resource WineDescriptor WineDescriptor WineColor PotableLiquid Wine rdf:Property rdfs:range rdfs:domain rdfs:range rdfs:domain rdfs:domain rdfs:range rdfs:domain rdfs:range hasColor hasColor (defTriple vin:hasColor rdfs:range vin:WineColor) Ext rule 2 (rangep vin:hasColor vin:WineDescriptor)  t (defTriple vin:WineColor rdfs:subClassOf vin:WineDescriptor)

  50. Domain & Range in Wine Ontology (RDFS) Inheritance by rdfs:subPropertyOf rdfs:subClassOf rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:type class instance rdfs:Class rdfs:Resource WineDescriptor PotableLiquid PotableLiquid Wine Wine rdf:Property rdfs:range rdfs:domain rdfs:range rdfs:domain rdfs:domain rdfs:range rdfs:range rdfs:domain hasWineDescriptor hasWineDescriptor hasColor hasColor (defTriple vin:hasWineDescriptor rdfs:domain vin:Wine) Ext rule 3 (domainp vin:hasColor food:PotableLiquid) t (defTriple vin:hasWineDescriptor rdfs:range vin:WineDescriptor) (defTriple vin:hasColor rdfs:subPropertyOf vin:hasWineDescriptor)

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