Moving and growing

1. Moving and growing

2. This is a skeleton Human endoskeletons • endoskeleton A supporting framework that lies entirely within the body of an animal, such as the bony skeleton of vertebrates or the spicules of a sponge. The function of an endoskeleton is to support the body and in vertebrates it also protects the organs and provides a system of levers on which the muscles can act to produce movement. Compare (exoskeleton).

3. Endoskeleton animals Skeletal systems come in many forms. You have a skeleton inside of your body endoskeleton made up of bones. Insects and crustaceans have skeletal systems on the outside or their bodies exoskeletons that are made of hard plates.

4. exoskeleton • An exoskeleton is the external skeleton that supports and protects an animal’s body, in contrast to the internal skeleton (endoskeleton) of, for example, a human. The shells of the various groups of shelled mollcuscs, including those of snails, clams, tusk shells, chitins and nautilus, are also exoskeleton.

5. Joints and Muscles Muscles are all made of the same material, a type of elastic tissue .Thousands, or even tens of thus. Smooth muscles — sometimes also called involuntary muscles — are usually in sheets, or layers, with one layer of muscle behind the other. You can't control this type of muscle. Your brain and body tell these muscles what to do without you even thinking about it. You can't use your smooth muscles to make a muscle in your arm or jump into the air. And, of small fibbers make up each muscle.

6. Joints and Muscles • But smooth muscles are at work all over your body. In your stomach and digestive system, they contract (tighten up) and relax to allow food to make its journey through the body. Your smooth muscles come in handy if you're sick and you need to throw up. The muscles push the food back out of the stomach so it comes up through the oesophagus and out of the mouth.

7. Ball socket • Ball-and-socket joints are a special class of synovial joints that enjoy the highest freedom of motion in the body thanks to their unique structure. The shoulder and hip joints are the only ball-and-socket joints in the human body due to the need for great motion at the end of the body’s limbs and the vast amount of musculature needed to move and support such flexible joints.

8. a Hinge Joint • Muscles can contract and relax but they cannot stretch themselves, so they must be stretched by the contraction of their antagonistic partners. All muscles work in antagonistic pairs. • The elbow is a hinge joint; it can open and close like a door. Biologists use the word “extend” to mean straighten the joint and the word “flex” to mean bend the joint. The triceps is an extensor muscle because it extends the elbow. The biceps is a flexor muscle because it flexes the elbow. • :

9. Pivotjoint • pivot joint, also called rotary joint, or tracheid joint, in vertebrate anatomy, a joint that allows only rotary movement. It is exemplified by the joint between the atlas and the axis (first and second cervical vertebrae), directly under the skull, which allow for turning of the head from side to side. Pivot joints also provide for the twisting movement of the bones of the forearm (radius and ulna) against the upper arm, a movement used, for instance, in unscrewing the lid of a jar.

10. Invertebrate Invertebrate is a animal that doesn’t have a back bone .

11. vertebrates Birds fish mammles reptiles