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Radiation studies and operational experiences during the COMPASS DY run

Radiation studies and operational experiences during the COMPASS DY run. Impression of the M2 beam line leading to the COMPASS experiment. Maarten van Dijk (EN-EA-LE) 10-02-2019. Introduction. The M2 beamline for EHN2 The COMPASS experiment for Drell -Yan (2015, 2018)

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Radiation studies and operational experiences during the COMPASS DY run

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  1. Radiation studies and operational experiences during the COMPASS DY run Impression of the M2 beam line leading to the COMPASS experiment Maarten van Dijk (EN-EA-LE) 10-02-2019

  2. Introduction • The M2 beamline for EHN2 • The COMPASS experiment for Drell-Yan (2015, 2018) • Small disclaimer: not a COMPASS member or expert • Brief introduction of experiment, some DY references included in backup slides • Operational experience with COMPASS • Human limits: Radiation simulations performed for COMPASS • Electronics limits: Radiation induced upsets • COMPASS++ / AMBER • Future program • RF separated beams COMPASS Drell-Yan

  3. The M2 beamline @ CERN • Secondary beam derived from SPS primary protons (400 GeV/c) • Three main operation modes • High-energy, high-intensity muon beam • Normally up to ~200 GeV/c, higher possible but flux drops rapidly • High-intensity secondary hadron beam • Momenta up to 280 GeV/c possible (flux set by RP constraints) • Low-energy, low-intensity (and low-quality) in-situ electron calibration beam. COMPASS Drell-Yan

  4. M2 beamline for DY – properties BEND 6 EHN2 Hadron absorber T6 Scrapers π,K µ p 600 m 400 m Muon Cleaning Section Hadron Decay Section COMPASS Drell-Yan

  5. Hadron beam particle identification • Nominal beam at COMPASS (190 GeV/c): 96.8% π-, 2.4% K-, 0.8% p • Beam particles tagged by means of CEDAR The COMPASS setup for physics with hadron beams, P. Abbon et al., NIM A vol. 779, pp. 69-115 (2015) COMPASS Drell-Yan

  6. The COMPASS spectrometer Polarised SIDIS Exotic states, chiral dynamics Hadron Spectroscopy & Polarisability COMPASS-I 1997-2011 3D hadron structure  Proton spin decomposition  (spin crisis)  Polarised Drell-Yan DVCS (GPDs) + unp. SIDIS COMPASS-II 2012-2020 O. DenisovPBC Annual workshop 16-17 Jan. 2019 COMPASS Drell-Yan

  7. COMPASS Drell-Yan setup • 190 GeV/c pion beam • Polarised NH3 target • Hadron absorber with central tungsten plug D. Platchkov, “Dimuon production and Nuclear Effects”, presented at Exposing Novel Quark and Gluon Effects in Nuclei, 16-20 April 2018, Trento, Italy. COMPASS Drell-Yan

  8. COMPASS in EHN2 COMPASS Drell-Yan

  9. Radiation studies for COMPASS • Prompt dose rate monitoring study performed during COMPASS DY run in summer 2018 (C. Ahdida, M. Casolino, H. Morimoto) • Motivation: beam intensity increased w.r.t. DY-run in 2015 • Goal was to characterize fully the ambient dose rates in and around the EHN2 hall • Summer student project (S. Cholak, summer 2018) • FLUKA simulation of the M2 beamline and the EHN2 hall • Based on existing simulation of EHN2 hall only (A. Maggiora, H. Vincke) • Complementary to dose rate survey • Impact of fluence on electronics • Motivation: upsets in electronics • Studied during COMPASS DY run in 2015 (S. Danzeca, R2E) COMPASS Drell-Yan

  10. FLUKA model of COMPASS and M2 • Full model of ground, shielding and magnets (including B-fields) • From momentum selecting bend forward (ensure to include as background) COMPASS Drell-Yan

  11. Simulated dose equivalent rates • Beam intensity set to maximum expected in EHN2 hall • Evaluated statistical error to ensure good coverage • Relatively small contribution from CEDAR detectors • Absorber dominant COMPASS Drell-Yan

  12. Overview of EHN2 RP survey Target SM1 CEDARs Absorber SM2 Measurements performed by CERN RPC. Ahdida, M. Casolino, H. MorimotoEDMS 2006094 COMPASS Drell-Yan

  13. Dose equivalent rate results • Comparison of dose rates from measurements and simulation • Almost all points in reasonable agreement • COMPASS control room (previously near F3/F4) moved away from EHN2 in 2012 COMPASS Drell-Yan

  14. Comparison of radiation regimes at CERN S. Danzeca, R2E, CERN ISS Sea Level Space & Deep Space Avionic COTS Systems Hardened Electronics Electronics Damage CustomBoards with COTS COMPASS Drell-Yan

  15. Measured impact on COMPASS S. Danzeca, R2E, CERN • Six weeks of measurements (2015) • Mobile battery powered BatMon monitoring system ISS Sea Level Space & Deep Space Avionic COMPASS COMPASS Drell-Yan

  16. Electronics issues caused by radiation • Problems encountered in COMPASS due to radiation • Cumulative damage from total absorbed dose • Single event effects (single event upset, single event latchup, single event transient) • Cumulative effects: scales as total integrated dose (TID) • Caused mostly by thermal neutrons • Mitigated by shielding • Relevant throughout area • Single event effects • Caused mostly by high energy hadrons (HEH, from beam loss) • Particularly dangerous for PLC CPUs – need access to reset • Mitigate by shielding or placing PLC at distance from device where possible COMPASS Drell-Yan

  17. Mitigation strategy for electronic upsets • Some examples of measures taken in COMPASS to prevent / manage effects of radiation • Concrete shielding PLC CPU controlling the superconducting target magnet • If power lost, 36h downtime to bring back • Cross bridge concept for network switches • Remote controlled switches for power cycling equipment COMPASS Drell-Yan

  18. SeaQuest (E1039) and COMPASS DY beams • Beam properties not extremely different • Beam intensity four orders of magnitude different • Intensity of radiation perhaps more comparable to NA62 (beam power ~11.4kW)? COMPASS Drell-Yan

  19. The future: COMPASS++ / AMBER • Phase 1 (conventional) • Proton radius • Generalised parton distributions • Input for dark matter search • New particle search from p (20 GeV/c) • Phase 2 (RF separated) • Primakoff • Meson gluon PDFs • New particle search from kaons • Vector mesons Letter of Intent: A New QCD facility at the M2 beam line of the CERN SPS, COMPASS++/AMBER, arXiv:1808.00848v6 (2019). COMPASS Drell-Yan

  20. RF separated beams • Panofsky-Schnell-System with two cavities (CERN 68-29) • Particle species have same momenta but different velocities • Time-dependent transverse kick by RF cavities in dipole mode • RF1 kick compensated or amplified by RF2 • Selection of particle species by selection of phase difference • DF = 2p (L f / c) (b1-1 – b2-1) • For large momenta: b1-1 – b2-1 = (m12-m22)/2p2 COMPASS Drell-Yan

  21. RF separated beams • Currently available technology at CERN: Crab Cavities for LIU SPS upgrade (400 MHz superconducting dipole cavities) Assume availability of L=800m: pbar K 400 MHz pbar K Conclusion: crab cavity design so far not compatible with user requirements, new developments necessary 1.3 GHz E. Montbarbon, EN-EA-LE COMPASS Drell-Yan

  22. Conclusions • M2 beamline at CERN provides muon and hadron beams to the COMPASS experiment • Beam particle tagging by means of CEDAR • DY hadron beam properties: 190 GeV/c, contents 96.8 / 2.4 / 0.8 % of π-/K-/p- • Extensive radiation studies have been performed • Prompt dose rates have been simulated and measured in and around EHN2 • Mitigation strategy implemented for minimizing COMPASS downtime • Future of COMPASS well-defined: COMPASS++ / AMBER • Complete program of measurements has been proposed • RF separated beam proposed as main tool to drive physics COMPASS Drell-Yan

  23. Thank you! This research has been supported by a Marie Skłodowska-Curie COFUND project of the European Commission’s Horizon 2020 Programme under contract number 665779COFUND COMPASS Drell-Yan

  24. COMPASS DY references • Sivers asymmetry extracted in SIDIS at the hard scale of the Drell-Yan process at COMPASS, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2017.04.042 • First measurement of transverse-spin-dependent azimuthal asymmetries in the Drell-Yan process, http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.112002 • Nucleon spin structure studies in Drell–Yan process at COMPASS, PhD thesis J. Matoušek, Charles University, Prague, and University of Trieste, April 2018. COMPASS Drell-Yan

  25. Further information • Future of the M2 beam at CERN in the Physics Beyond Colliders Context, J. Bernhard, presented at International Workshop on Hadron Structure and Spectroscopy (IWHSS 2018), Bonn, Germany, March 19-21, 2018. https://indico.cern.ch/event/658983/contributions/2915104/ • Dimuon Production and Nuclear Effects, S. Platchkov, presented at Exposing Novel Quark and Gluon Effects in Nuclei (ECT*), Trento, Italy, April 16-20, 2018. https://indico.ectstar.eu/event/9/contributions/196/ • Status and plans of the COMPASS Experiment, J. Friedrich, presented at the 130th meeting of the SPSC, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, June 7-8, 2018. https://indico.cern.ch/event/730078/contributions/3008244/ • Recent SIDIS and Drell-Yan results from the COMPASS experiment, B. Parsamyan, presented at International Workshop on Spin Physics Experiments at NICA (SPIN-Praha-2018), Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic, July 9–13, 2018. https://indico.jinr.ru/materialDisplay.py?contribId=23&sessionId=3&materialId=slides&confId=501 • COMPASS++, O. Denisov, presented at the Physics Beyond Colliders Annual Workshop, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, January 16-17, 2019. https://indico.cern.ch/event/755856/contributions/3260541/ COMPASS Drell-Yan

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