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Overview of Bioenergy RD&D in Korea

Overview of Bioenergy RD&D in Korea. 200 5 . 1 1 . 3 . Jin-Suk Lee Biomass Center, KIER. PRESENTATION AGENDA. Introduction Commercialized Bioenergy R&D on Bioenergy Future R&D Activities on Bioenergy Summary. Biomass Resources in Korea. Biomass Resources in Korea.

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Overview of Bioenergy RD&D in Korea

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  1. Overview of Bioenergy RD&D in Korea 2005. 11. 3. Jin-Suk Lee Biomass Center, KIER

  2. PRESENTATION AGENDA • Introduction • Commercialized Bioenergy • R&D on Bioenergy • Future R&D Activities on Bioenergy • Summary

  3. Biomass Resources in Korea Biomass Resources in Korea

  4. Current Aspects for Bioenergy R&D in Korea Current Aspects for Bio-energy R&D in Korea Current status for bioenergy utilization in Korea - 3.6% (84,000TOE) of recoverable biomass resources have been utilized as energy in 2001 - Action plan have been set up to increase the bioenergy utilization to 15% by 2010 Current aspects of Bioenergy R&D - Following priorities were applied for Bioenergy R&D 1. Organic wastes such as food wastes, sludge, MSWs etc 2. Unutilized resources (Forest residues, agricultural residues etc) 3. Foreign biomass - Two bioenergy technologies have been commercialized - Other technologies are still under developement

  5. Activities for Commercialization 2. Activities for Commercialization 2-1. Two-phase Anaerobic digestion • Korean food waste takes about 30% of total organic wastes (6.6million ton/year). The water content of food waste is about 90%. Because of the characteristics, it is difficult to treat the waste by conventional technologies like land filling or incineration. • KIER developed a two-phase anaerobic digestion process in which acidic fermentation and methane formation were done in separate reactors. The technology was found to be quite effective for the treatment of Korean food waste. • After a series of test runs, the technology was commercialized. Two full scale commercial plants have been constructed to treat food waste and produce methane. The research for the electricity generation using methane will be started soon.

  6. Food waste Composting Process Flow Diagram Food Waste Composting Process Flow Diagram

  7. Paju City Plant (30 tons/day) (2) Paju City Plant (Capacity: 30 ton/day)

  8. Summary of Paju Plant Operation (3) Summary of Paju Plant Operation

  9. Methane (LFG) • 270 land-fill sites are now in Korea • Total power generation capacity is 83.2 MW • The commercial process for the separation of methane from LFG has been developed • The purified gas is used as heating fuel and will be tried as motor fuel

  10. Energy Consumption in Korea Energy Consumption in Korea For Transportation sector (1.4 x 107 vehicles) : • Gasoline 3.0 x 107 ton/year • Diesel (5.0 x 106 vehicles) 2.8 x 107 ton/year All crude oils are imported !

  11. Why Biodiesel in Korea? • Severe Air pollutionover Seoul Metropolitan area. The major portion (over 50%) of air pollutants are from diesel fuelled vehicles. • Concerns over global warming Korea needs to follow Kyoto protocol from 2013 • Ministry of Environment failed to introduce LNG fuelled buses to replace diesel fuelled bus fleet because of the opposition from the residents nearby the planned gas stations Biodiesel is emerging as a promising solution to above problems

  12. Chronicles for Biodiesel • Feb. Ministry of Environment (MOE) conducted emission tests on pure biodiesel and biodiesel blending fuels • May MOE asked to Ministry of energy (MOCIE) to take biodiesel as a renewable fuel (Tax exemption) • May MOCIE decided to start demonstration supply of B-20 at the designated areas (Seoul Metropolitan, Chonbuk Province) 2002 Dec. Full-scale commercial plant was constructed (100,000ton/year) 2003 Sep. Preparation new Korean biodiesel standards started • May MOCIE extended the demonstration supply to 2005 May • May Korean auto makers agreed to give warranty for the cars which use B-5 2006 Jan B-5 will be available nationwide to the public

  13. Biodiesel Plant in Korea 1. Feedstock: Crude plant Oil 2. Capacity : 100,000ton/yr 3. Process : - 1 step reaction 4. Yield : Over 99%

  14. Map of South Korea Site for Demonstration Supply

  15. Prices and Fuel tax in Korea • In 2004 Diesel price is only 70% of gasoline • Price of Diesel will be increased to 85% by 2006 • Fuel tax is very high in Korea - Gasoline : 71% of total price is Tax - Diesel : 50% “ “ “ “ Tax

  16. Diesel and Biodiesel Prices * : based on $ 30/bbl crude oil

  17. Demonstration Supply of Biodiesel Bio-Diesel Plant (100,000 ton/yr)

  18. Challenging problems - As prospect for the biodiesel business looks bright, many people likes to go into the market. - Only biodiesel of good quality are permitted on sale • Preparation of Biodiesel standards • Extensive test works on real road conditions • Establishment of quality systems program • Secure supply of feedstock (Plant oils)

  19. Korean Biodiesel Standards • Two biodiesel plants are under operation (100,000ton/year and 7,500ton/year) • For demonstration supply, the temporary standard was prepared but automakers and oil companies refused to accept it • All stake holders in the fuel market gathered to prepare Korean biodiesel fuel standard at September 2003 • The draft was prepared at September 2004 • Basically the standards was close to EN14214

  20. Korean Biodiesel Standards

  21. Fleet Tests under Real Conditions • Fleet tests have been started to test the validity of new Korean biodiesel standards in September of 2004 • Major Korean car, oil companies and biodiesel producers have participated into the project • The fleet test will last two years (by August of 2006) • After the fleet tests, biodiesel dissemination will be expected to be activated

  22. Quality Systems Program • Currently biodiesel is directly transported to the filling stations and blended on site (B-20) • Quality assurance should be a major issue • Further works will be done to make sure that only high quality biodiesel go into the market • The Certification center will be established to evaluate the quality of biodiesel products in the market

  23. Raw Materials Supply • Currently all feedstocks (Soybean oil) are imported from USA • Various works are under investigation to enhance the security of feedstock ( - Utilization of set-aside land to cultivate rapeseed - Utilization of used frying oil - Test the new feedstock )

  24. Biodiesel Production from UFO (1) Scope of the work for biodiesel from UFO • Introduction • The feedstock cost takes about 70% out of total production • cost of biodiesel. Used frying oil (UFO) may be a good • candidate to lower the production cost of biodiesel. • In Korea, about 100,000 tons of used frying oil (UFO) can be • recovered. • Some impurities like free fatty acids should be removed before • the transesterification process. • Objective • Development of the bench process for the bioidiesel production • from UFO

  25. Bench Plant for Bio-diesel from Used Frying Oil Pretreatment (filter, demoisturizing, Pre-esterification) Transesterification (Plug Flow Reactor) Purification (Recovery of methanol)

  26. Action Plan for Bio-diesel X 103 toe

  27. R&D on Lignocellulosic Biomass • Bioethanol • District Heating

  28. PDU forBio-ethanol PDUPlant for Bioethanol

  29. New Feedstock forBio-ethanol Waste Woods

  30. NH4OH Percolation reactor Lignin Water back pressure Ammonia Percolation Ammonia Percolation Photo of Experimental Apparatus Schematic Diagram of Ammonia Percolation

  31. Fuels for District Heating • The amount of forest residues is significant • Collection and transportation are critical issues • Feasibility for utilization of forest residues as district heating fuels will be investigated.

  32. Future Research Activities 4. Future Research Activities 1. Outline of Korean NTRM • National Technology Road Map for Bioenergy has been made 2002 December. • The R&D projects have been divided into two categories; short term projects and long term projects • The thermochemical conversion process and anaerobic digestion have been chosen as short term projects which can be commercialized by 2006 • All other biological conversion processes including ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass and bio-hydrogen were put into long term projects that will take 10 years or longer to commercialize.

  33. Korean NTRM for Bioenergy 4-2. KOREAN NTRM for Bio-energy 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Management of Organic Waste Waste Plant Science (Outsourcing) Feed Energy Crops Stock Feedstock Production (Outsourcing) Supply Biomass Pretreatment Sugars New Biodiesel Biodiesel Biodiesel Production Technology Standardization 자원확보 Anaerobic Digestion Cogeneration Commercialization Study Technology Biomass Conversion Gasification Bioethanol Core Technologies for Bioethanol Micro - organism Genomics

  34. Summary 1. R&DD activities on bioenergy is getting activated in Korea because of high oil price and concerns over Kyoto protocol. 2. Anaerobic digestion and biodiesel are commercialized because of their own advantages such as the environmental friendliness and necessity for waste treatment 3. Stable supply of the feedstocks are a major concern for bioenergy implementation. Extensive work are underway to secure the stable supply of feedstocks 4. Some feasibility study and basic research works are being carried out to utilize the lignocellulosic biomass

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