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REPRESENTATIVE ELEMENTS

Section 2. REPRESENTATIVE ELEMENTS. What we’ll learn?. Recognize the properties of representative elements. Identify uses for the representative elements. Classify elements into groups based on similar properties. Why it’s important?.

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REPRESENTATIVE ELEMENTS

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  1. Section 2 REPRESENTATIVE ELEMENTS

  2. What we’ll learn? • Recognize the properties of representative elements. • Identify uses for the representative elements. • Classify elements into groups based on similar properties.

  3. Why it’s important? Many representative elements play key roles in your body, your environment, and in the things you use everyday…

  4. Vocabulary: • Alkali metal • Alkaline earth metal • Semiconductor • Halogen • Noble gas

  5. Groups 1 & 2 • Always found in combined w/ other elements. • Active metals • All metals except Hydrogen

  6. Hydrogen • Hydrogen belongs to a family of its own. • Hydrogen is a diatomic, reactive gas. • Hydrogen was involved in the explosion of the Hindenberg. • Hydrogen is promising as an alternative fuel source for automobiles

  7. Alkali Metals • Silvery solids • Low densities • Low melting points Example: Lithium (Li)- batteries in cameras (sodium chloride)-table salt Sodium (Na)- potatoes Potassium (K)- bananas

  8. Alkaline Earth Metals Group 2 elements -denser, harder • Low melting point • Reactive Example: Beryllium (Be) –gems, emerald Magnesium (Mg)- chlorophyll in plants

  9. Groups 13 through 18 • Metals, non metals, metalloids • Solid, liquid and gas

  10. Group 13 (Boron Family) Metals except Boron (B) brittle, black metalloid used in cookware Aluminum (Al) soft drink cans baseball bat, cookware Gallium (Ga) solid metal, low melting point computer chips

  11. Group 14 (Carbon Family) • Carbon (C) – non metal - exist as diamond & graphite - found in living things Silicon (Si) metalloid, found in sand (glass) computer chips Germanium (Ge) metalloid used in electronics as semi conductor

  12. Tin (Sn) toothpaste coating on steel cans for food • Lead (Pb) apron (dental x-rays) car batteries x-ray equipment

  13. Group 15 (Nitrogen Family) Nitrogen (N) – air you breath - non metal Ammonia gas – cleanser, disinfectant, solid fertilizers, nylon for parachutes. Phosphorus (P)- • Red (less active)- matches • White (more active) – can’t be exposed to O2 - Found in healthy teeth & bones -Fertilizers

  14. Group 16 (Oxygen Family) Oxygen (O) –earth’s atmosphere - earth’s rocks & minerals - ozone - foam (fire fighters) Sulfur (S) – solid, yellow non metal - sulfuric acid ( chemical) used as paints, fertilizers, detergents, synthetic fibers, rubber.

  15. Selenium (Se)- conducts electricity (solar cells) -Light meters, photographic materials - photocopy machines

  16. Group 17 (Halogens) • All non metals except astatine (metalloid) • Salt formers (halogens) w/ alkali metals Chlorine (Cl)- w/ sodium (table salt) - kill bacteria (pool) Flourine ( Fl)- most reactive Iodine (I)- least reactive - needed by many systems in our body.

  17. Group 18 (The Noble Gases) * Rarely combine with Other elements. Helium (He)- yellow, less dense - balloons Neon (Ne) – advertising signs - red orange Argon (Ar) – bluish violet - most abundant

  18. Krypton (Kr)- combined with neon lights used in light bulbs. - landing strips at airport runways • Xenon (Xe)- strobe lights - photographic flash tubes. • Radon (Rn) – radioactive gas - can cause lung cancer

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