Carlos Norman Barea. Regional Government of Andalousia. Spain .

1. Workshop on Agricultural Extension Services in the EU Kijev, Ukraine. 25-26th Feb. 2016 Agricultural Extension and business organisations Carlos Norman Barea. Regional Government of Andalousia. Spain.

5. FOUR PARADIGMS OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION. • Technology Transfer (persuasive + paternalistic). This paradigm was prevalent in colonial times and reappeared in the 1970s and 1980s when the "Training and Visit" system was established. Technology transfer involves a top-down approach that delivers specific recommendations to farmers about the practices they should adopt. • Advisory work (persuasive + participatory). This paradigm can be seen today where government organizations or private consulting companies respond to farmers' inquiries with technical prescriptions. It also takes the form of projects managed by donor agencies and NGOs that use participatory approaches to promote predetermined packages of technology. • Human resource development (educational + paternalistic). This paradigm dominated the earliest days of extension in Europe and North America, when universities gave training to rural people who were too poor to attend full-time courses. It continues today in the outreach activities of colleges around the world. Top-down teaching methods are employed, but students are expected to make their own decisions about how to use the knowledge they acquire. • Facilitation for empowerment (educational + participatory). This paradigm involves methods such as experiential learning and farmer-to-farmer exchanges. Knowledge is gained through interactive processes and the participants are encouraged to make their own decisions.

6. The Agricultural Council is created with the Law 12/2014, of 9 July, by which regulates the procedure for determining the representativeness of professional agricultural organizations and the Agricultural Council is created. This Act provides for the establishment of the Agricultural Council as attached to the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment in order to advise the Central Government on the issues of agriculture and rural public interest advisory body. The functions of the Agrarian Council are as follows: a) Report on regulatory department projects in agriculture and rural development to be submitted to it and all those where provided the laws. b) Identify and report on the measures of the common agricultural policy and agricultural policy that are under consideration. c) Report on the evolution of the social and economic situation of the agricultural sector and make recommendations for the adoption of such measures as may be necessary in order to improve the quality of life of the agricultural sector. d) Carry out the suggestions deemed suitable to improve policies that may affect the socioeconomic conditions for agricultural professionals and farming The Council shall be attached to the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment, through its holder as a consultative body and participation of associations and organizations representing the different operators in the food chain.

7. The first phase of the program Leader A (2009-2011), co-financed by the Junta de Andalucía and the European Union with a total amount of 358 million euros.. For the second phase of the program Leader A (2012-2015), the Junta de Andalucía has a budget of just over 98 million for 52 Groups of Rural Development.

8. In Andalusia there are 52 groups of Rural Development (law). They are associations involving in Development Actions, in addition to local authorities, all the organizations business, agricultural and other sectors, Trade Union, environmental, cultural, as well as associations of young people and women, among others. Rural development groups representing hundreds of youth associations and 200 associations of women, more than 700 local councils together with the 8 provincial councils, more 200 cooperatives, agricultural trade organizations, banks and Union institutions among others. Rural development groups and their territorial councils in particular, become authentic economic and social councils of regional character, where the strategies and the implementation of the budget are decided from and to the territory. Thus, the implementation of the policies of rural development through the law assumes a new form of governance, insofar as they make it possible to policies to be adapted to the needs of the population, giving them credibility and improving the support base citizen. Rural development groups are: * Non-profit associations. * It aims to promote the socio-economic and rural development in each region. * They are entities with legal personality. * It is composed by public and private partners. * It has a democratic participation and there is freedom of membership.

9. One of the novelties of the intermediate reform of the CAP has been the creation of advisory service to farms, whose primary objective is to help farmers and livestock owners training and raise awareness in respect of cross-compliance (legal requirements for good agricultural and environmental practices and management), and occupational health and safety thus contributing to reduce accidents at work in the rural environment and to increase food security animal welfare, the preservation of the environment and the maintenance of rural landscapes. All owners of farms and livestock in Andalusia can access this service voluntarily. In Andalusia there are four recognized institutions of Advice: ASAJA (agricultural Association of young farmers) COAG (Coordinator of organizations of farmers and ranchers) UPA (Union of small farmers and ranchers) FAECA (Andalusian Federation of agricultural cooperatives) Beneficiaries All holders of agricultural and cattle raising farms located in the autonomous community of Andalusia, whether natural or legal persons, their groupings, joint property as well as any economic unit or separate estate devoid of legal personality.

11. Agri-food Cooperatives Spain (previously called Spanish Confederation of Agricultural Cooperatives CCAE) is the organization which represents and defends the economic and social interests of the spanish agricultural cooperative movement.Thus Agri-food Cooperatives Spain is the common body which represents all the cooperatives of every Autonomous Community of the spanish territory. Agri-food Cooperatives Spain defends cooperative's interests towards the national Administration, the European Union and the rest of the sectors' social and economic agents in which the agricultural cooperatives develop their activities. The aim is joining forces in order to defend the farmers' and cattle breeders' interests. Regarding to the number of cooperatives, the main productive sectors are: Supplies (1890 ) Fruit and vegetables ( 989) , olive oil ( 950 ) and wine ( 753 )

13. Ideal discourses of the Spanish farmers’ Unions

14. DECREE 228/2011, of 5 July, laying regulates the Register of Business Operators Fruits and Vegetables of Andalusia and the conformity with marketing standards (Registration advisory bodies recognized)

15. Agricultural local council 1. Agricultural Local Council is configured as a complementary bodycCity Council, whose purpose is to channel the participation of farmers and other citizens related to the agricultural sector and agricultural organizations of professionals and workers in the municipal issues that may affect them as such. 2. Agricultural Local Council has no legal personality and develop exclusively reporting functions and, where appropriate, proposed in connection with municipal initiatives on agricultural sector. 1. The functions of the Agricultural Local Council are: - A) To assess the agricultural reality of the municipality, its problems and needs. - B) Advise the other organs of the City Council in agricultural matters as well as in providing services agricultural interest that are attributed or attributable to the municipality. - C) To propose measures to promote rural development and improving incomes and conditions lives of farmers, ranchers and workers in the agricultural sector. - D) To inform or advise the regional autonomous govement to request it. - E) To inform the local authority about all services of agricultural interest, especially on the condition of rural roads, irrigation, rural service rangers, prevention and protection against pests. - F) Assessments on agriculture to the City and to natural or legal persons who request it.

16. Five key PARTS of any Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation System:

20. Agricultural Cooperative cluster of Almería In terms of development policy, Almería illustrates a “neo-endogenous” approach, (a mix of exogenous and endogenous factors wherein local level characteristics and actors must interact with external or global forces). The role of cooperatives is to harness, guide and leverage the strengths and capacity of local economies in its interaction with other environments, whether in the form of markets or political institutions. This is an important point when considering the formation of social capital and networks.

21. Carlos Norman Barea. Regional Government of Andalousia. Spain. Thank you very much for your attention. e- mail contact: josec.norman@juntadeandalucia.es

25. ASAJA. First agricultural organization in the region, with more than 45,000 member farmers. the budget of the Government of Andalusia for 2016 is 31.285 million euros, representing about 20% of the expected GDP (more than 140,000 million euros) for the next in the whole of Andalucía year. The 2016 budget increased by 5.6% over the previous year, 1,660 million euros more than in 2015. The budget of the Ministry of Agriculture (no fishing) for 2016 is worth 662.8 million euros, so suffers a severe decrease of 4.6% over last year, a drop that stands out even more if we consider the said growth of 5.6% overall budget of the Government of Andalusia. However this year a smaller amount to the incorporation of young farmers, going from 33.9 to 24.8 million euros, which has condemned the lack of support and attention from the Andalusian Administration to a subject is intended so vital to the sector and generational change. Serra criticized the loss of relative weight of active policies, which are those that generate employment; the decrease in allocations for modernization and agribusiness.

26. COAG demands to the Ministry of Agriculture to make a commitment to them, as key to the future of farming in Andalusia. "We can not forget that currently only 6.4% of farm owners are under 35 years old and 31% are over 65. So consider manifestly insufficient budget allocation for modernization (which fell by 29% up to 36.5 million) and incorporation of young (which fell by 23% to 26,190,000). With 1,500 viable records that have contributed to the call for youth 2015, is precise allocation of at least 55 million euros, "they say. UPA with 10,000 members in Andalucia accounts for almost 25% of the national total, and great importance in the agricultural sector.

27. FAECA grouping together almost all the agro-industrial cooperatives of Andalusia. According to the latest report of activities of the federation 669 cooperatives, which bring together, in turn, 272,196 farmers and ranchers partners, having generated sales of 6.372 million euros in 2014. The partners Agro-food Cooperatives of Andalusia they represent over 50% of the regional agricultural production, although sectors such as olive oil this percentage exceeds 70%.