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World Religions. A Geographical Case Study. Major World Religions / Philosophies. Judaism Christianity Islam Hinduism Buddhism Sikhism Confucianism Daoism / Taoism Animism / Tribal. South West Asia. India. East Asia. Africa / Americas. World Religions / Philosophies.
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World Religions A Geographical Case Study
Major World Religions / Philosophies • Judaism • Christianity • Islam • Hinduism • Buddhism • Sikhism • Confucianism • Daoism / Taoism • Animism / Tribal South West Asia India East Asia Africa / Americas
World Population by Religion Fig. 6-1a: Over two-thirds of the world’s population belong to Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, or Buddhism. Christianity is the single largest world religion.
Judaism Background • Abram is the patriarch of the Jewish faith • The Hebrew people come from the line of Abram / Abraham • Abram was called out of the city of Ur by God • Told to go to the “Promised Land” • Canaan / Modern Day Israel
Judaism Background • A new perspective • Worship only 1 god • The ONLY god • New relationship • Covenant relationship • God was their God and they were His people
Judaism Background • God sets rules for society / worship • Keep Sabbath day (Saturday) holy • Do not worship other gods • Cutting of hair • Foods not to eat • Pig, shellfish • Sabbath year (every 7 years) • Keep fields barren for 1 year
Judaism Background Important Historical Figures
Judaism Background Holy Texts
Judaism • Important Places • Israel • The promised land • Jerusalem • The capital of the Jewish Kingdom • Temple Mount • The site of Solomon’s temple • The house of God • Western Wall / Wailing Wall • The only part left of Solomon’s temple
Judaism • Groups • Orthodox • Adhere to traditional practices • Conservative • Tries to bring Judaism in line with the modern world • Reform • A halfway point between Orthodox and Conservative • Reconstructionist • God is not a being / a natural force
Judaism • Place of worship • Synagogue • A meeting place of discussion • There is no temple so Jewish people need a place to meet • Led by Rabbi
Judaism • Where are they now? • Jewish state • Created in 1947 • After WWII • Europe • Diaspora • United States • New York
Christianity Background • Monotheistic • Has foundations in Jewish tradition • Based on teachings of Jesus of Nazareth • 33 AD • Son of God • God in Human form • Jesus is the prophesied Jewish Messiah of the OT • Salvation and forgiveness of sins through substitutionary death • Replaces Jewish sacrificial system
Christianity Background • Salvation through grace and faith
Christianity Background • Spreads with Disciples and first missionaries • Initially an outlawed / banned religion • Becomes a recognized Roman religion with Emperor Constantine • Battle of the Milvian Bridge • Becomes the official religion of the Roman Empire in 312 AD • Emperor Theodosius
Christianity Background • Spreads more with European expansion of imperialism and colonialism • 90% of the Western Hemisphere are professing Christians
Christianity Background Important Figures
Christianity • Holy Text • Bible • Inspired Writing • “Many writers, one author” • Contains OT and NT
Christianity • Important Places • Jerusalem • Place of Crucifixition, Burial, Resurrection of Jesus
Christianity • Place of Worship • Church • Cathedral • Lead by Priest / Pastor / Reverend
Christianity • Groups • Roman Catholic • Eastern Orthodox • Protestants • Differ on Church leadership / authority
Christianity • Groups • How can I tell the difference?
Christianity • Where are they now? • Western Europe / South America / Central America • Catholic • North America / Parts of Western Europe / Africa • Germany / Austria / England • Protestant • Eastern Europe / Russia • Orthodox
Islam Background • Monotheistic • Has foundations in the Jewish traditions • Based on the teachings of Muhammad • Muhammad is the last and greatest prophet of “Allah” • Hebrew Yahweh and Christian God
Islam Background • Covenant children through Ishmael • Son of Abraham and Hagar • Salvation through belief in Allah and Muhammad and keeping of the 5 Pillars
Islam Background • 5 Pillars • Statement of Faith • Hadj • Charity • Prayer • 5x per day • Fasting • Ramadan
Islam Background • Begins in Mecca with Muhammad • First converts travel to Medina • Muhammad conquers Mecca • Islam spreads with Muslim military conquest • 632 AD – Death of Muhammad • 732 AD – Battle of Tours
Islam Background • Fastest Growing Religion • 2 largest religion
Islam Important Figures
Islam • Holy Texts • Koran • Revelations to Muhammad by Angel Gabriel • Must be read and kept in Arabic • Sunna • Traditions of how Muhammad lived his life • Not accepted by all Muslims
Islam • Important Places • Mecca • Birthplace of Muhammad • Medina • First place that accepted Muhammad and Islam • Jerusalem • Place where Muhammad ascended into heaven
Islam • Place of Worship • Mosque • Place of Meditation / Prayer • Teaching not as important • Lead by Imam • No / few decorations • No pictures / statues
Islam • Groups • Sunni • Largest group • More “liberal” interpretations • Followers of Abu Bakr • Shia • More orthodox • Direct line of Muhammad • Majority in Iran
Islam • Where are they now? • SW Asia • Central Asia • Indonesia • North Africa • Central Africa • Europe • Mainly by immigration / not conversion. Due to Muslim conquest / Expansion of Empires
Sikhism Background • Blending of Islam and Hinduism • Monotheistic • Founded by Guru Nanak • 1469 • Highest teacher is the Guru • Only 10 Gurus in Sikhism • Last died in 1708
Sikhism Background • 20 million practitioners • Mainly in Northern India
Sikhism Background • Believe in transmigration of the soul • Final form is the human form • Merge with God by living a “good” life • Keep teachings of the Gurus • May not cut hair • Wear certain clothing / items • Men will wear turbans • Equality among all people / sexes
Sikhism Important Figures
Sikhism • Holy Text • Guru Granth Sahib • Writing and poems of the 10 Gurus • Follow this text for correct living • Considered not only a holy text, but a living, spiritual being
Sikhism • Important Places • Sikhs tend not to revere particular places • Holiest of places is the Golden Temple in Amritsar, India