Incan Empire Google Slides

1. Inca Empire

2. Learning Goal I can describe elements of Incan culture and how they adapted the environment to their needs.

3. Virtual Word Wall Conquistadors quipus Ayllus credible

4. Incas Picture of MachuPicchu

5. The Rise of the Inca Empire The Inca Empire was a complex society that developed in the Andes Mountains of South America. It flourished in what is now present-day Peru between the 1400s C.E. and 1532, when the Incas were conquered by Spanish explorers. From north to south along the South American continent, the Inca Empire stretched for over 2,500 miles and included millions of people. Source: History Alive! The Medieval World and Beyond Highlight the correct answer Identify two of the physical features on the map. • deserts and cities • Mountains and rivers

6. Inca Class Structure The Emperor At the top of Incan society was the emperor, called the Sapa Inca. The Incas believed that the Sapa Inca was descended from Inti, the sun god. Everything in the empire belonged to the Sapa Inca, who lived in great splendor. Nobles Below the Sapa Inca were the nobles. The Incan nobility was made up of leaders who helped to rule and administer the vast empire. Commoners Most people in the Inca Empire were commoners who worked as farmers and herders. The most important crop was the potato. Incan farmers were required to give most of their crops to the government, which placed the crops it collected in storehouses throughout the empire. The food was then distributed to warriors, temple priests, and people in need. For example, the government gave food to people who could no longer work, particularly the aged, the sick, and the disabled. Source: History Alive! The Medieval World and Beyond

7. Use Slide 5 to describe each class of people in the Incan society.

8. Family Life Families in the Inca Empire belonged to larger groups, or clans, called ayllus. The ayllu (EYE-yoo) was the foundation of Incan society.Each ayllu had its own farmland and homes, but the ayllu did not own the land. The government loaned land to the ayllus for living and for farming, and the people of an ayllu then worked this communal [communal: shared by a community or group] land cooperatively to grow crops and produce goods. All Incas belonged to ayllus, which provided the empire with crops, goods, and labor. Source: History Alive! The Medieval World and Beyond Source: History Alive! The Medieval World and Beyond Source: History Alive! The Medieval World and Beyond Source: History Alive! The Medieval World and Beyond Describe the family life of the ancient Incas.

9. Source: History Alive! The Medieval World and Beyond Religion The Incas believed in many gods who controlled various aspects of nature The most important god was Inti, the sun god. Like the Maya and the Aztecs, the Incas offered sacrifices to the gods. In many rituals, the Incas sacrificed live animals, usually llamas or guinea pigs. The Incas also practiced human sacrifice, but only on the most sacred occasions or in times of a natural disaster. Source: History Alive! The Medieval World and Beyond Describe the religion of the ancient Incas.

10. Relations with Other Peoples The Incas used a variety of means to bring others under their control. Conquered peoples had to build a sun temple, study Incan laws, and learn Quechua. The Incas also took a sacred object as a hostage. Rebellious tribes were forced to relocate. Source: History Alive! The Medieval World and Beyond Describe the relationship between the Incas and the people they conquered.

11. Incan Achievements Science and Technology The Incas built roads across the length and width of their empire. To create routes through steep mountain ranges, they carved staircases and gouged tunnels out of rock. They also built suspension bridges over rivers made from thick rope cables anchored at stone towers on either side of the river. Two cables served as rails, while three others held a walkway. In agriculture, the Incas showed their technological skill by vastly enlarging the system of terraces already in use by earlier Andean farmers. The Incas also made remarkable advances in medicine. Arts and Architecture Making textiles for clothing was one of the most important Incan arts. The Incas fashioned valuable objects out of prized gold, which they called the “sweat of the sun.” Music was a major part of Incan life, In architecture, the Incas are known for their huge, durable stone buildings. The massive stones of Incan structures fit together so tightly that a knife blade could not be slipped between them. Incan buildings were sturdy, too—many remain standing today. Language and Writing The Incas made their language, Quechua, the official language of the empire, and as a result, Quechua spread far and wide. About ten million people in South America still speak it. Because the Incas did not have a written language, they developed an ingenious substitute: the knotted sets of strings called quipus. The Incas used quipus as memory aids when sending messages and recording information. Source: History Alive! The Medieval World and Beyond

12. What was the Greatest Accomplishment of the Inca Empire? CLAIM: Write a claim based on the Central Historical Question above. Evidence: Choose TWO pieces of evidence from the text to support your claim. Sources- Reasoning: Now, explain how your evidence supports your claim in the space below.

13. Source: Image found in History Alive! The Medieval World and Beyond Background Information:The Inca believed that a supreme god named Viracocha created the world and gave power to all other gods. This statue depicting Viracocha is located in the Andes Mountains in Peru.