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Chapter 19.3

Chapter 19.3. American Revolution. Change and Crisis. Forming a New Identity From 1600-1770 the American colonies had expanded to more than 2.1 people Land of the plentiful and cheap The English class system was largely absent from the colonies

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Chapter 19.3

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  1. Chapter 19.3 American Revolution

  2. Change and Crisis • Forming a New Identity • From 1600-1770 the American colonies had expanded to more than 2.1 people • Land of the plentiful and cheap • The English class system was largely absent from the colonies • Individuals could more easily advance themselves with intelligence and hard work • They were British subjects but they had a lot of independence and were becoming more loyal to their colonies than Britian

  3. Change and Crisis • Opposing British Policies • Problems began to escalate with the colonies and Britain in the 1760’s • Britain had won the French and Indian War which benefited the colonies but cost the monarchy, so Britain started to tax the colonist to make more money • In 1765 Parliament passed the Stamp Act which required colonist to pay a tax for an official stamp on all newspapers, legal documents, and other public papers • Colonist were outrage that this was passed without someone to represent them and plead their case

  4. Changes and Crisis • Opposing British Policies • After this the British began imposing many more taxes on the colonies • Colonist started boycotting English goods and Britain sent over troops to the colonies • The tension popped in 1770 with the Boston Massacre • Boston Tea Party occurred • Because of this British closed the ports in Boston and passed the Intolerable acts which were regulations that limited the freedoms of the colonist • In 1774 the First Continental Congress met in Philadelphia to list their grievances with the British government

  5. Changes and Crisis • Revolution Begins • Colonist expected war • April 1775 British troops marched towards Lexington and Concord • Shoots rang out and the American Revolution began • Not all colonist were Patroits • In 1776 Thomas Paine wrote his pamphlet , Common Sense, which argued that the colonies had matured to the point that they no longer needed British rule. Instead, he argued, they deserved independence. This helped the patriots gain popular support

  6. Struggle for Independence • The first war that was fought because of the Enlightenment ideas • Declaring Independence • 1776 Second Continental Congress • Members were well educated leaders such as John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, and Benjamin Franklin who were influenced with the enlightenment ideas • Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence during the 2nd CC and used a lot of Locke’s concepts. DI declared their independence for Britain • DI also drew ideas from the English Bill of Rights

  7. Buy or Sell The Magna Carta was influence in the formation of modern democracy The idea of check and balances by Montesquieu is the most essential part of our government, even today Thomas Paine’s ideas about of deserving Independence from Britain was correct The colonies in 1776 had every right to declare their independence from Britain

  8. Assignment We will complete partially together and partially independently a SCIM-C on Documents of Democracy

  9. Struggle for Independence • Revolutionary War • George Washington was named the commanding general of the army • American had little money • The colonist were losing the war and were pushed out of Mass. And NJ • December 1775 GW engineered a surprise attack daring victory by crossing the icy Delaware River and defeating British forces in Trenton, NJ

  10. Struggle for Independence • The Revolutionary War • 1777 British forces defeated Washington in NJ and he moved to PA which soon fell to the British as well • British were also winning battles in NY in the summer of 1777 • In October of 1777 the Americans won a crucial battle at Saratoga. • Ben Franklin was in Paris during this time trying to convince the French for their help, the winning at Saratoga convinced the France to help which was the turning point in the war for the Americans • Over the next two years American forces strengthened • The British adopted a strategy to divide the colonies and they captured Savannah in 1778 and Charleston in 1780

  11. The Struggle for Independence • The Revolutionary War • September 1781 the American and French army surrounded the General Cornwallis and the British army in Yorktown VA • After several weeks of sieging and no help coming from other British troops General Cornwallis surrounded to General Washington on October 19, 1781. • The Americans had won their independence • In September 1783 The British government formally recognized the independence and signed the Treaty of Paris • The Treaty set the boundaries for the United States and gave them all the land east of the Mississippi River.

  12. Forming a New Government • The Colonist now had to figure out how to form a new government and nation • The Articles of Confederation • The first gov’t of the USA was est by the Article of Confederations. Which made the gov’t weak to avoid abuse of power • Gov’t had no power to tax or negotiate alliances with foreign countries. • This government was too weak to govern properly

  13. Forming a New Government • The Constitution • 1787 delegates from the colonials met in Philadelphia at the Constitutional Convention to revise the Articles of Confederation • However they formed a new type of government under the Constitution • George Washing presided over the convention and James Madison was one of the main framers of the Constitution • Delegates argued and negotiated from 4 months the Constitution was a document with many compromises

  14. Forming a New Government • The Constitution • The Constitution created the federal system of government. • Some powers are held by the federal (national) government and the others are given to the states to decide upon • Created three branches of government • Executive- carries out the laws • Legislative- makes the laws • Judicial- interprets the laws • Checks and balances were put into the Constitution to make sure that one branch did not have all of the power • Enlightenment ideas heavily influenced the ideas in the US Constitution

  15. Forming a New Government • The Bill of Rights • Some people opposed the Constitution and claimed that it failed to protect the rights of the people • Congress then created the Bill of Rights, the first 10 amendments to the Constitution • Bill of Rights were also influenced by Enlightenment thinkers • It protected the natural rights advocated by Voltaire, Locke, and Rousseau

  16. Forming a New Government • Impact of American Government • News of the successful revolutions and formation of a new government in the Americas spread throughout the World, esp France. • Louis XVI had supported the American Revolution, however, his government was nothing like the colonies • He was an absolute monarch who could tax his people at his own will. • France would experience the upheaval of a revolution in 1789 and one of the main reasons was the inspiration the French felt from the American revolution • The Colonists had adopted Enlightenment ideals and showed that it was possible to oppose tyranny. Also that it was possible to create a government based on the principles of liberty and equality.

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