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Moscow, 2015

Eye Movements in Reading Syntactically Ambiguous Sentences in Russian Language Victor N. Anisimov, Anna S. Jondot, Olga V. Fedorova, Alexander V. Latanov M.V. Lomonosov State University, Moscow. Moscow, 2015. First study of eye movements in reading syntactically ambiguous sentences. fixation.

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Moscow, 2015

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  1. Eye Movements in Reading Syntactically Ambiguous Sentencesin Russian LanguageVictor N. Anisimov,Anna S. Jondot, Olga V. Fedorova, Alexander V. LatanovM.V. Lomonosov State University, Moscow Moscow, 2015

  2. First study of eye movements in readingsyntactically ambiguous sentences fixation 30 minrecording, sampling rate of 8 fps

  3. Syntactic ambiguity in English Two interpretations of the sentence: (a) They gaveher dog candies(b)They gave herdog candies They toldher catstoriesThey told her cat stories Number of fixations normalized for 10 participants and reading every sentencewith definite interpretation - (a) or (b).

  4. Syntactic ambiguity in English her dog (a) Number of fixations normalized for 10 participants in reading every sentence with definite interpretation - (a) or (b). Number of fixation dog candies (b) Number of fixation

  5. Syntactic ambiguity (early/late closure) The criminal shot the servant of the actress who was on the balcony Who was on the balcony? the servant the actress ? early closure late closure dominates in Russian dominates in English

  6. A priory interpretation complexity during reading structurally(syntactically) ambi-guous sentences slows reading in comparisonwith reading sentences without any syntactic ambiguity.

  7. Method Monitor for stimuli presentation IR - mirror IR - light Hight-speed digital camera

  8. Top view Monitor 45 deg. IR mirrors Eye image, reflected from IR mirror, is projected to camera matrix Eye

  9. Method (1st part) • 29 subjects, 18-24 years old; • 20 sentences Global (G) and Control (C); • originally developed eye tracker based on fast • digital camera FV300; • sampling rate of 250 fps; • matrix resolution 640х480 pixels; • angular size of the monitor for text presentation • 47 deg.; • average angular size of the character 0,6 deg.

  10. Example of reading sentence with ambiguity 1ststr 1 s 2ndstr regression 3idstr

  11. Example of stimuli (overall 40)

  12. Eye movements parameters in reading 2nd string (test and control). Data averaged over all sentences and 30 subjects. Spread presented by standard error of mean, sample size in parenthesis). Results. 1st experiment. Anisimov et. al., 2014

  13. Parametersof eye movementsin reading 2nd stringin G and C

  14. p<0,01 Regressive saccades Comparison of regressive saccades in 1st and 2nd strings in reading sentence with global ambiguityand control • F2(G1/G2)=47,61; p<0,01, n=16 • F2(G1/C1)=0,80; p<0,37, n=16 • F2(G2/C2)=62,9; p<0,01, n=16 Number of regressive saccades G1 C1 G2 C2 1st string 2nd string

  15. Types of ambiguity • G – global • LE – local, early closure • LL – local, late closure • C – control

  16. Sentences with and without ambiguity Gardener met daughterof the cook who went to school. Садовник встретил дочку кухарки, которая пошла в школу. Girl caught snowflake that melt on the palm. Девочка поймала снежинку, котораярастаяла на руке.

  17. Types of syntactic ambiguity

  18. Method (2nd part) · 31 subjects, 18-24 years old; · 12 sentences LE, LL, G and C; · originally developed eye tracker based on fast digital camera FV300; · sampling rate of 250 Hz; · matrix resolution 640х480 pixels; · angular size of the monitor for text presentation 47 deg.; · average angular size of the character 0,6 deg.

  19. Example of reading sentence with ambiguity

  20. Results. 2nd experiment. Eye movement parameters (M±SEM, sample size in parentheses) averaged over allsubjects in reading LE, LL, G and С.

  21. Number of fixations in reading sentences with local ambiguity. In reading LL subjects demonstrate more fixations than in reading LE. Significant differences revealed by Student t-test criterion.

  22. Regression frequency in reading sentences with ambiguity. In reading LL regression frequency significantly higher than in reading G. Number of fixations is quasi significantly higher than in reading G. Significant differences revealed by Student t-test criterion.

  23. Syntactic ambiguity leads to slowing reading because of language processing complication. LL is more complicated in terms of syntactic interpretation than LE. Higher regression frequency and greater number of fixations in reading LL in comparison with reading G indicate that interpretation of LL is more complicated than interpretation of G. Disambiguation of G in Russian (as well as in English) apparently doesn't provoke additional complexity of syntactic analysis and its interpretation is predetermined by domination of early closure (high attachment) principle in Russian to a considerable extent. The absence of any significant differences between eye movement parameters in reading G and LE proves this point.

  24. Thanksfor youattention! latanov.msu@gmail.com viktoanisimov@ya.ru,

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