بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم Pharmacology I for dental students

1. بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم Pharmacology I for dental students Course Description:It consists of course concerning the action of drugs on physiological and pathological processes with special emphasis on agents of special importance in the practice of dentistry. Pharmacology I Dr. Mahmoud H. Taleb

2. Educational Objectives: • The student will gain knowledge in the principles of general pharmacology. The objectives will be for the student to be able to describe (1) Different families of therapeutic agents taken by or prescribed to dental patients in terms of clinical pharmacology, • (2) indication, usage, precautions, • (3) adverse reactions, • (4) over dosage absorption, • (5) metabolic rate, • (6) distribution, • (7) excretion

3. Competencies Addressed/Assurance of Competencies: • This course is designed to assure that students are familiar with the mechanisms of action and potential druginteractions/ contraindications of the medications that their patients are most likely to be taking when they seek dental care.

4. Course outline • Unit I . general principles of pharmacology • **Definitions and history of Pharmacology ** Drug nature, sources and dosage forms . • ** Receptors • ** Signal transmission and signal transduction • ** Dose response curve and pharmacokinetics • ** Pharmacogenetics • ** Adverse effects and drug toxicity. • ** Mechanism of drug action and factors affecting on it. • ** Drug laws and prescription writing

5. UNIT II. ANTI-INFECTIVES - Sulfonamides - Penicillins - Cephalosporins and relatedantibiotics -Tetracyclines, Macrolides, andLincosamides - Fluroquinolones and aminoglycosides - Miscellaneous Anti-infectives - Antitubercular Drugs - Leprostatic Drugs - Antiviral Drugs - Antifungal Drugs - Antiparasitic Drugs

6. UNIT III. DRUGS USED TO MANAGE PAIN - Nonnarcotic Analgesics: Salicylates and Nonsalicylates -Nonnarcotic Analgesics: Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs -Narcotic Analgesics -Narcotic Antagonists

7. UNIT IV. DRUGS THAT AFFECT THERESPIRATORY SYSTEM • Antihistamines and Decongestants Bronchodilators and Antiasthma Drugs Antitussives, Mucolytics, Expectorants

8. UNIT V. DRUGS THAT AFFECTTHE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM • - Cardiotonics Drugs • - Antiarrhythmic Drugs • Antianginal and Peripheral Dilating Drugs • Antihypertensives • -Antihyperlipidemic Drugs

9. UNIT VI. DRUGS THAT AFFEC THE GASTROINTESTINALAND URINARY SYSTEMS - Diuretics - Drugs That Affect the Gastrointestinal System • UNIT VII. DRUGS THAT AFFECT THE HEMATOLOGICAL SYSTEM Anticoagulant and Thrombolytic Drugs Agents Used in the Treatment of Anemia

10. References • Pharmacology and Therapeutics for Dentistry, Needle and Yagilla • Lippincott's Illustrated Reviews: Pharmacology, 4th Ed • Basic and clinical pharmacology; Bertam Katzung • annual review article published in the Journal of the American Dental Association on the top 50 prescription medications dispensed in pharmacies for the previous year. • Color atlas of pharmacology, 2nd Ed. (by H. Lullmann et al., Thieme 2000, ISBN 0865778434)

11. Unit I. General principles What is pharmacology?Pharmacology can be defined as the study of substances that interact with living systems through chemical processes, especially by binding to regulatory molecules and activating or inhibiting normal body processes. These substances may be chemicals administered to achieve a beneficial therapeutic effect on some process within the patient or for their toxic effects on regulatory processes in parasites infecting the patient. Such deliberate therapeutic applications may be considered the proper role of medical.

12. Pharmacology is not concerned primarily with what the drug may be used for, but with what actions it has , and what fate it encounters in the living organism.

13. Such deliberate therapeutic applications may be considered the proper role of medical pharmacology,which is often defined as the science of substances used to prevent, diagnose, and treat disease.

14. Toxicologyis that branch of pharmacology which deals with the undesirable effects of chemicals on living systems, from individual cells to complex ecosystems.

15. WHAT IS A DRUG? • A drug can be defined as a chemical substance of known structure, other than a nutrient or an essential dietary ingredient, which, when administered to a living organism, produces a biological effect. e.g. Vit C, penicillin, LSD, hydrocortisone

16. Drugs may be synthetic chemicals, chemicals obtained from plants or animals, or products of genetic engineering. • A medicine is a chemical preparation, which usually but not necessarily contains one or more drugs, administered with the intention of producing a therapeutic effect.

17. DrugNomenclature • - Chemical name • - Nonpropietary drug name( generic name). • Propietary drug name ( trade name). • Common name.

19. Medicines usually contain other substances (excipients, stabilisers, solvents, etc.) besides the active drug, to make them more convenient to use. To count as a drug, the substance must be administered as such, rather than released by physiological mechanisms. Many substances, such as insulin or thyroxine, are endogenous hormones but are also drugs when they are administered intentionally.