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iGCSE Biology Section 4 lesson 1

iGCSE Biology Section 4 lesson 1. Content. Section 4 Ecology and the Environment. The organism in the environment Feeding relationships Cycles within ecosystems Human influences on the environment. Content. Lesson 1 a) The organism in the environment. The organism in the

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iGCSE Biology Section 4 lesson 1

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  1. iGCSE Biology Section 4 lesson 1

  2. Content Section 4 Ecology and the Environment • The organism in the environment • Feeding relationships • Cycles within ecosystems • Human influences on the environment

  3. Content Lesson 1 a) The organism in the environment • The organism in the • environment 4.1 understand the terms population, community, habitat and ecosystem 4.2 explain how quadrats can be used to estimate the population size of an organism in two different areas 4.3 explain how quadrats can be used to sample the distribution of organisms in their habitats.

  4. Ecological sampling techniques

  5. Ecological sampling techniques Quadrat

  6. Ecological sampling techniques Quadrat Sweep net

  7. Ecological sampling techniques Quadrat Sweep net Beating tray

  8. Using Quadrats 0.5 m 1 metre 0.5 m 0.25 m 0.25 m 1 metre

  9. Using Quadrats 10 metres

  10. Using Quadrats 10 metres TRANSECT

  11. Using Quadrats 10 metres TRANSECT

  12. Using Quadrats 350 METRES 500 METRES

  13. Using Quadrats 350 METRES Quadrats distributed randomly using random number tables 500 METRES

  14. Using Quadrats 350 METRES Quadrats distributed randomly using random number tables 500 METRES

  15. Using Quadrats

  16. Using Quadrats Estimate the population size of an organism in different areas. Sample the distribution of organisms in their habitats

  17. Using Quadrats Are daisies less common in areas that are frequently trampled? Estimate the population size of an organism in different areas. Sample the distribution of organisms in their habitats

  18. Using Quadrats Are daisies less common in areas that are frequently trampled? Estimate the population size of an organism in different areas. Sample the distribution of organisms in their habitats

  19. Using Quadrats Are daisies less common in areas that are frequently trampled? Estimate the population size of an organism in different areas. Sample the distribution of organisms in their habitats

  20. Using Quadrats Are daisies less common in areas that are frequently trampled? Estimate the population size of an organism in different areas. Sample the distribution of organisms in their habitats

  21. Using Quadrats Are daisies less common in areas that are frequently trampled? Estimate the population size of an organism in different areas. Sample the distribution of organisms in their habitats

  22. Using Quadrats Are daisies less common in areas that are frequently trampled? Estimate the population size of an organism in different areas. Sample the distribution of organisms in their habitats Count the number of daisies in each quadrat

  23. Using Quadrats Estimate the population size of an organism in different areas. Sample the distribution of organisms in their habitats 35 6 16 29

  24. Using Quadrats Estimate the population size of an organism in different areas. Sample the distribution of organisms in their habitats 35 6 16 29 40 20 0 Number of daisies 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Distance along transect (metres)

  25. Using Quadrats Estimate the population size of an organism in different areas. Sample the distribution of organisms in their habitats 35 6 16 29 40 20 0 Number of daisies 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Distance along transect (metres)

  26. Using Quadrats Estimate the population size of an organism in different areas. Sample the distribution of organisms in their habitats 35 6 16 29 40 20 0 Number of daisies 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Distance along transect (metres)

  27. Using Quadrats Daisies seem to grow less well in trampled areas Estimate the population size of an organism in different areas. Sample the distribution of organisms in their habitats 35 6 16 29 40 20 0 Number of daisies 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Distance along transect (metres)

  28. Using Quadrats Broad-leaved plantain. Plantago major Estimate the population size of an organism in different areas. Sample the distribution of organisms in their habitats

  29. Using Quadrats Broad-leaved plantain. Plantago major Estimate the population size of an organism in different areas. Sample the distribution of organisms in their habitats What is the plantain population in this area of coastal grassland?

  30. Using Quadrats Grassland area = 12 x 12 m = 144 m2

  31. Using Quadrats Grassland area = 12 x 12 m = 144 m2 Quadrat used = 1m2 Number of random quadrats thrown = 20 Total area sampled = 20m2

  32. Using Quadrats Grassland area = 12 x 12 m = 144 m2 Quadrat used = 1m2 Number of random quadrats thrown = 20 Total area sampled = 20m2

  33. Using Quadrats

  34. Using Quadrats Total number of plantains = 391 Average number of plantains per quadrat (1m2) = 391 / 20 = 19.55

  35. Using Quadrats Total number of plantains = 391 Average number of plantains per quadrat (1m2) = 391 / 20 = 19.55 • Total number of plantains in the grassland area = • X 19.55 • = 2,815

  36. Using Quadrats Estimate the population size of an organism in different areas. Sample the distribution of organisms in their habitats

  37. Using Quadrats Estimate the population size of an organism in different areas. Sample the distribution of organisms in their habitats

  38. Using Quadrats Estimate the population size of an organism in different areas. Sample the distribution of organisms in their habitats

  39. End of Section 4 Lesson 1 • In this lesson we have covered: • the terms population, community, habitat and ecosystem • quadrats, and how they can be used to estimate the population of a species, and also the distribution of a species.

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