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OUTLINE 14 VI. Extensions to Mendel’s Rules (continued) D. Sex Linked Inheritance

OUTLINE 14 VI. Extensions to Mendel’s Rules (continued) D. Sex Linked Inheritance 1. Sex chromosomes 2. Systems of sex determination a. XY system b. X0 systems c. ZW systems d. Haplo-diploid systems e. Non-chromosomal sex determination 3. X-linked inheritance

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OUTLINE 14 VI. Extensions to Mendel’s Rules (continued) D. Sex Linked Inheritance

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  1. OUTLINE 14 VI. Extensions to Mendel’s Rules (continued) D. Sex Linked Inheritance 1. Sex chromosomes 2. Systems of sex determination a. XY system b. X0 systems c. ZW systems d. Haplo-diploid systems e. Non-chromosomal sex determination 3. X-linked inheritance 4. Y-linked inheritance

  2. Application of Mendel’s Rules assumes: • 1. One allele completely dominates the other • 2. All genes have 2 allelic forms • 3. All traits are monogenic (affected by only one • locus) • 4. All chromosomes occur in homologous pairs • 5. All genes assort independently • 6. An allele is completely expressed when either • dominant or homozygous • 7. Each trait is controlled by a different set of factors

  3. Human Genome Autosomes (1 – 22) Sex Chromosomes (X and Y)

  4. X Y

  5. Human Y-chromosome SRy locus

  6. XY sex determination In some plants

  7. Drosophila melanogaster Ratio of X to autosomal: Female: 1 set autosomes : 2X Male: 1 sets autosomes : 1X XX = female Both XY or X_ = male

  8. XO sex determination

  9. ZW sex determination

  10. Haplo-diploid sex determination

  11. Parthenogenesis

  12. Environmental control Alligators Turtles

  13. Social control

  14. Bluehead Wrasse

  15. Slipper shell

  16. X Y

  17. Colorblindness: Alleles: X+ = normal vision, Xc = color blind (X+ is dominant) phenotypes female genotypes male genotypes normal X+X+X+ Y color blind XcXcXc Y carrier*X+Xc * carrier - transmits but does not express a trait

  18. Female’s gametes Xc Xc X+ Male’s gametes Y

  19. Barr Bodies

  20. X-linked inheritance: Fur color mosaics in female cats Fig. 15.10

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