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Technology Briefing

Technology Briefing. Advanced Topics and Trends in Managing the Information Systems Infrastructure (Hardware). Information Systems Hardware. Input Devices Used to enter information into a computer Processing Devices Transform inputs into outputs. Output Devices

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Technology Briefing

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  1. Technology Briefing Advanced Topics and Trends in Managing the Information Systems Infrastructure (Hardware)

  2. Information Systems Hardware • Input Devices • Used to enter information into a computer • Processing Devices • Transform inputs into outputs. • Output Devices • Deliver information to users in a usable format • Some considered storage device as the 4th part of hardware

  3. Input Devices • Keyboard is used to enter text and numbers • Types of Keyboard: • Traditional: QWERTY keyboard. How the letters is arranged on the keyboard • Ergonomic: resembled widen v-shape and designed to reduce stress on wrists, hand, and arms while typing • Virtual: uses laser and infrared technology to project full size QWERTY on any surface

  4. Pointing and Selecting Devices Hardware that requires the user to point at screen and select menu/instruction E.g., mouse, light pen, touch pad, touch screen, joystick etc.

  5. Entering Batch Data • Scanner is used to input repetitive information or data in batches or large groups. • Types include: handheld and flatbed scanners

  6. Other Scanning Technologies • Smart Cards: Special credit-card size cards that contain microprocessor chip; memory circuits; magnetic stripe used to stored specific data and used as a medium to input them into systems • Biometric devices: A types of security device that grants or denies access to a resource (e.g. facilities, computer systems) through analysis of fingerprints, retinal patterns in the eye, face geometry, or other bodily characteristics.

  7. Audio Input • Audio refers to the sound that has been digitized for manipulation, storage, and replay. • Voice Input: Microphone • Other Forms of Audio Input: Electronic keyboards using Musical instrument digital interface (MIDI)

  8. Video Input • Video is sequence of still images representing scenes in motion (moving picture) • Digital (video) camera- captures images or short video clips. Using the input from webcam, a PC can create: 1) Streaming video: Compressed form of video that can be sent over the Internet. Images are displayed on the screen as they arrived. 2) Streaming media: Streaming video with sound.

  9. system unit system unit system unit system unit System Unit • System Unit is the physical box that house all the following: (1) Motherboard, power supply, and fan, (2) Central processing unit (CPU), (3) RAM and ROM memory, (4) Hard drive, CD-ROM or DVD-ROM drive, and (5) Ports for plugging in peripherals

  10. Motherboard, Power Supply and Fan • Mother board: Contains all components that do the actual processing work of the computer. It is a large fiberglass/plastic circuit board. Other components are connected to it • Power Supply: Converts electricity from socket to a lower voltage between 110 to 240 volts AC. • Fan: to cool the air inside the system unit.

  11. Central Processing Unit (CPU) • CPU is also known as the Microprocessor, processor, chip • Ex: Intel Pentium 4, IBM Power5 • Responsible for performing all of the operations of the computer • Arithmetic logic unit (ALU): • Perform math and logical operations • Control unit: • Fetch program instructions • Decode instructions • Retrieve data • Store results

  12. Primary Storage • For temporary storage to support computer processing. Has two type: RAM and ROM. • Random-Access Memory (RAM): Computer’s main or primary memory. Stores the programs and data currently in use. It is Volatile and memory is lost when the computer is turned off • Read-Only Memory (ROM): Can be read but cannot be written to. Nonvolatile. BIOS Basic Input/Out System (firmware code) • Erasable ROM (EEPROM): Flash memory. Can be written to and erased. Secondary storage / Removable.

  13. Secondary Storage • Nonvolatile storage for permanently storing data. • E.g., Hard disk, CD-ROM disk, magnetic tape etc.

  14. Hard Drives and Diskettes • Hard Drives: A secondary storage device usually located inside the system unit. Have Several magnetic disks and high storage capacity. Storage capacity about 100-300 GB. Can have external drive too. • Diskettes: Portable magnetic media with capacity of 1.44MB. Has becomes obsolete

  15. Optical Disk Storage • Uses laser beam technology to read and write • CD-ROMs (compact disc-read-only memory) • CD-R (compact disc-recordable) • CD-RW (compact disc rewritable) • DVD-ROM (digital versatile disk-read-only memory) • Shorter-wavelength laser beam • Digital Video Disks • Blu-Ray

  16. Magnetic Tapes • Used for large-capacity storage • Consists of narrow plastic tape coated with a magnetic substance • Physical forms could be in reels or cassettes • Capacity of storage is up to 1 TB • Slow processing Problem in difficulty of locating specific data on tape

  17. Video Output • Used to display information from a computer. • Video output display can come in forms of: • Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) • Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) • Organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) • Projectors

  18. Printers and Plotters • Plotter: Output device used to transferring engineering designs from PC to drafting papers. • Printer: Used to small size documents. Divided into the following types: • Dot Matrix (b) • Ink-jet (c) • Laser (d)

  19. subwoofer speakers Audio Output • Sound card and speakers • Sound card translates digits into sound • Also used to capture sound • Other audio output • E.g., USB headphones

  20. Types of Computer • Types of computer can be divided into the following (1) Supercomputer, (2) Mainframe, (3) Midrange, and (4)Microcomputer or personal computer. • They can be differentiate based on the number of simultaneous users, physical size, typical usage, memory size, and cost. • Micro computer can be categorized into two: (1) stationary (e.g. desktop and standing) and portable (e.g. notes book, tablet and handheld)

  21. Supercomputers • Users: 1-to-many • Size: Automobile—multiple rooms • Typical use: Scientific research • Memory: 5000+ GB • Cost: $1-20 million

  22. Mainframes • Users: 1000+ • Size: Refrigerator • Typical use: Large general purpose business & gov’t • Memory: Up to 1500+GB • Cost: $1-10 million

  23. Midrange Computers • Users: 5-500 • Size: File cabinet • Typical use: Midsize general purpose business, typically for a department or small organizational units • Memory: up to 20 GB • Cost: $10,000-100,000

  24. Microcomputers or PCs • Users: 1 • Size: handheld—fitting on desktop • Typical use: personal productivity • Memory: 512MB-2GB • Cost: $200-5,000

  25. Portable Computers • Notebook computers: Light weight, Battery powered and Limited expandability • Tablet PC: Type of notebook that accepts input from an electronic pen. E.g. Slate model &Convertible model) • Handheld Computers: Small computers that can be carried in a pocket. Niche in the portable computers market. E.g. Personal digital assistants (PDAs) & Cell phones

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