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Privacy-Preserving Smart Metering

Privacy-Preserving Smart Metering. George Danezis 1 and Alfredo Rial 1,2. 1 Microsoft Research Cambridge 2 KULeuven ESAT/SCD/COSIC – IBBT, Belgium. WPES 17 / 10 / 2011. Index. Introduction to smart metering and privacy System Model Our Protocol Construction Implementation

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Privacy-Preserving Smart Metering

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  1. Privacy-Preserving Smart Metering George Danezis1 and Alfredo Rial1,2 1Microsoft Research Cambridge 2KULeuven ESAT/SCD/COSIC – IBBT, Belgium WPES 17 / 10 / 2011 Privacy-preserving Smart Metering

  2. Index • Introduction to smart metering and privacy • System Model • Our Protocol • Construction • Implementation • Conclusion Privacy-preserving Smart Metering

  3. 1 – INTRODUCTION http://overview.ge-energy.com/energyservices/index.jsp Privacy-preserving Smart Metering

  4. Smart Grid Power generation Industrial Customers Commercial Customers Power transmission Power distribution New communication channels! Electricity trasmission Residential Customers Data communication Privacy-preserving Smart Metering

  5. Smart Meter • Reports fine-grained consumption data • Receives commands: switch-off, change to prepaid mode, etc. • Interaction via a user-friendly interface http://legalplanet.wordpress.com/2010/08/20/smart-meters-and-smart-regulation/ http://www.treehugger.com/files/2010/07/ Privacy-preserving Smart Metering

  6. ADVANTAGES • Efficient Delivery • Prevention of Outages • Self-healing grid http://www.fresnobee.com/2010/02/26/1838492/editorial-cartoon-pges-smart-meters.html Privacy-preserving Smart Metering

  7. ADVANTAGES http://www.boost-energy.com/boost/davidblog.html Privacy-preserving Smart Metering

  8. ADVANTAGES ELECTRICITY SAVING VIA MATCHING GENERATION AND DEMAND http://blog.news-record.com/opinion/letters/archives/2007/10/cartoon_took_cheap_shot_at_ove.shtml Privacy-preserving Smart Metering

  9. ADVANTAGES HELP USERS SAVE ENERGY http://www.greenbang.com/jurdy-hair-raising-energy-consumption_14998.html Privacy-preserving Smart Metering

  10. DEPLOYMENT • USA: Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 • American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (2009, $4.5bn) • EU: Directive 2009/72/EC • UK: deployment of 47 million smart meters by 2020 http://www.ci.royal-oak.mi.us/portal/book/export/html/1751 http://www.treehugger.com/files/2010/05/obama-finally-starts-talking-clean-energy-wake-gulf-spill.php Privacy-preserving Smart Metering

  11. 2 - PRIVACY THREATS http://turn.org/article.php?id=875 Privacy-preserving Smart Metering

  12. Fine-Grained Consumption Data Privacy-preserving Smart Metering

  13. Privacy Concerns • Personal Information can be inferred: • When you are at home • Which appliances you use • When you eat • Whether you arrive late to work http://www.zazzle.co.uk/obamas_smart_metre_is_communism_tshirt-235996664492570554 Privacy-preserving Smart Metering

  14. Privacy Concerns http://forcechange.com/2009/02/10/google-jumps-into-the-smart-meter-industry-and-debate/ Privacy-preserving Smart Metering

  15. Social Pressure http://www.indybay.org/newsitems/2010/08/26/18656872.php Privacy-preserving Smart Metering

  16. Consequences “The Dutch First Chamber considers the mandatory nature of smart metering as an unacceptable infringement of citizens’ privacy and security” http://turn.org/article.php?id=1154 Privacy-preserving Smart Metering

  17. 3 – SYSTEM MODEL http://antennagroup.com/transmissions/tag/conferences/ Privacy-preserving Smart Metering

  18. ENTITIES Meter (M) User (U) Provider (P) http://www.daylife.com/photo/04SSd1bgHS0Tp http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8042716.stm Privacy-preserving Smart Metering

  19. SECURITY REQUIREMENTS • P is assured that U reports correct fee • P does not learn (cons, other) • P cannot claim U must pay fee’ http://www.inkity.com/catalog/product/2/2077/Shaking-On-Money-Deal.html http://apcit.blogspot.com/ http://www.billboardmama.com/recording-connection-scam-p-1017.html Privacy-preserving Smart Metering

  20. ASSUMPTIONS • M should be tamper-resistant • No direct uplink from M to P http://www.smartplanet.com/business/blog/smart-takes/report-smart-meters-have-security-holes-that-could-allow-hackers-access-to-grid/5532/ http://trac.cyberduck.ch/wiki/help/en/howto/googledocs Privacy-preserving Smart Metering

  21. 4 – Our Protocol M, U, P interact in five phases: • Setup & Initialization • Consumption Phase • Payment Phase • Policies http://www.imetertechnology.com/ Privacy-preserving Smart Metering

  22. Setup Phase Compute key pair Compute key pair Compute key pair Compute commitment params Privacy-preserving Smart Metering

  23. Initialization Phase Choose pricing policy Signs pricing policy Verify signed policy Privacy-preserving Smart Metering

  24. Consumption Phase Read Commits to consumption and other Signs commitments Verifies commitment openings Verifies signature Privacy-preserving Smart Metering

  25. Payment Phase (I) For all tuples output by M Compute price Commit to price Proof knowledge of signature that bind consumption and price Privacy-preserving Smart Metering 25

  26. Payment Phase (II) Aggregate prices and openings Compose a payment message Sign payment message Verify Signature Verify proofs Aggregate commitments to price Verify Opening of Privacy-preserving Smart Metering Privacy-preserving Smart Metering 26

  27. Pricing Policies Discrete Policy LinearPolicy Price Price Consumption Consumption Privacy-preserving Smart Metering

  28. Pricing Policies Interval Policy CumulativePolicy Price Price/Consuption Consumption Consumption Privacy-preserving Smart Metering

  29. Pricing Policies Price Consumption Privacy-preserving Smart Metering

  30. Remarks • Secure when M and P do not collude. • Modification possible to ensure security when they collude, albeit efficiency decreases by a factor of • Very Efficient construction when choice of signature in the policy does not depend on and is linear. • NIPK are not needed. • Ideal for electricity metering Privacy-preserving Smart Metering

  31. Advantages http://www.frikipedia.es/friki/An%C3%B3nimo • It does not require anonymous channels or anonymized databases • It does not require interaction among users • Minimises Trusted Computing Base • It does not require trusted parties • It is efficient enough for practical applications • It supports a wide variety of pricing policies • It permits selective disclosure of private data Privacy-preserving Smart Metering

  32. Evaluation Privacy-preserving Smart Metering

  33. Conclusions • Privacy-Preserving smart metering system: • Allows reporting fee without disclosing consumption • Minimizes TCB • Does not require anonymity or MPC • Supports wide variety of pricing policies • Efficient Implementation • Other applications: • Pay-as-you-drive car insurance • road tolling • cloud computing billing Privacy-preserving Smart Metering

  34. Questions http://blogs.courant.com/bob_englehart/2008/07/july-10-2008.html Privacy-preserving Smart Metering

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