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Ch.2 Measurements and Calculations

Ch.2 Measurements and Calculations. System – specific portion of matter in a given region of space that has been selected for study during an experiment or observation. Scientific Method. Hypothesis – testable statement controls – remain constant variable – is changed

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Ch.2 Measurements and Calculations

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  1. Ch.2 Measurements and Calculations System – specific portion of matter in a given region of space that has been selected for study during an experiment or observation.

  2. Scientific Method Hypothesis – testable statement controls – remain constant variable – is changed Model – explanation of how phenomena occur and how data or events are related. Theory – broad generalization that explains a body of facts or phenomena.

  3. Accuracy and Precision • Accuracy – close to the expected value • Precision – a number of measurements close to each other.

  4. What is more accurate? Graduated cylinder Or Beaker

  5. Significant Figures • Indicates how precise a measurement is.

  6. Rules for calculating with sig figs

  7. Sig fig practice Perform these calculations following the rules for sig figs. • 26 x 0.02584 = ? • 15.3 / 1.1 = ? • 782.45 - 3.5328 = ? • 63.258 + 734.2 = ?

  8. SI unit – measurements in science. Density = m/v A sample of aluminum metal has a mass of 8.4g. The volume of the sample is 3.1 cm3. calculate the density of aluminum.

  9. Dimensional analysis – math technique that allows you to use units to solve problems involving measurements. Express a mass of 5.712 grams in milligrams and in kilograms.

  10. PercentageError • Calculated by subtracting the accepted value from the experimental value, dividing the difference by the accepted value, and then multiplying by 100. Percentage error = valueexperimental – valueexpectedx 100 valueexpected

  11. Direct Proportions • Two quantities are directly proportional to each other if dividing one by the other gives a constant value. y/x = k 2/4 = 0.5 4/8 = 0.5 y = kx

  12. Indirect Proportions • Two quantities are inversely proportional to each other if their product is constant. If x and y are inversely proportional to each other, the relationship can be expressed as follows: y ∞ 1/x xy = k

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