Unit 3.5

1. Unit 3.5 New forms of Government

2. Unit 3.5 Standards SS.8.A.3.9: Evaluate the structure, strengths, and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and its aspects that led to the constitutional convention. SS.8.A.3.10: Examine the course and consequences of the Constitutional Convention (New Jersey Plan, Virginia Plan, Great Compromise, Three-Fifths Compromise, compromises regarding taxation and slave trade, Electoral College, state vs. federal power, empowering a president) SS.8.A.3.11: Analyze support and opposition (Federalists, Federalist Papers, AntiFederalist, Bill of Rights) to ratification of the U.S. Constitution.

3. Warm Up: Warm up Activity: What Unit of Study have you most enjoyed so far? What is the reason we celebrate on the 4th of July? OCSR: Who was the main person responsible for writing the Declaration of Independence? Define: Mercenary, Patriot

4. Daily Question to Know • Question: • What can you do to improve your academic vocabulary?

5. Unit III.5 Vocabulary (15pts) Constitution Bicameral Republic Petition Ordinance Depreciate Depression Proportional Compromise Enlightenment Federalism Electoral College • Legislative Branch • Executive Branch • Judicial Branch • Amendment • Ratify If you copy the definitions directly from the text book, you will only receive 50% of the points. Use your own words to define. Vocab Poster = 5pts. Word Definition: This is where you write the definition of the word. USE YOUR OWN WORDS, NOT THE TEXTBOOK DEFINITION. Picture

6. Warm Up: Warm up Activity: How do you think the Government has changed over the past 200 years? Who do you think the most powerful people in government are? Why? OCSR: What event occurred first, the Boston Tea Party, or the Boston Massacre? Define: Republic, Amendment

7. Daily Question to Know • Question: • What are the three branches of our modern day government?

8. Unit 3.5 Timeline Activity (30pts) Articles of Confederation Written.*** U.S. Constitution Ratified*** Treaty of Paris French Revolution Begins France goes to war against Britain. Shay’s Rebellion.*** Using your textbook; Put these events in the right chronological order, Also include a picture symbolizing EACH event. and write 2-3 sentences briefly describing the events marked with ***.

9. Unit III.5 Timeline Poster Homework Your homework assignment is to find an event dating from 1000BC-1000 AD NOT ON THE TIMELINE PROJECT and create a poster board event. • Your event should look similar to those on the wall already. • Included must be; • Date, name of event, picture. • Sheet should be approximately ¼ sheet of paper. • Some projects may be put onto the timeline wall. • I encourage you to look for really cool interesting events.

10. Warm Up: Warm up Activity: What was the first official government in our country? How long did the Articles of Confederation last? OCSR: What battle of the American Revolution was considered a ‘turning point’ Define: Depreciate, Depression

11. Daily Question to Know • Question: • What were the last three states to become states, and when?

12. Map Project (15pts) • You will receive a blank map of the fifty states. • For each state please include; • Name • Date became a state • Capital • The 13 Original Colonies should all be colored the same color! Others you do not have to color

13. Warm Up: Warm up Activity: What is the current document that establishes the basis of America’s laws called? How many states were there when the Articles of Confederation was created?? OCSR: Who was the main person responsible for writing the Declaration of Independence? Define: Bicameral, Republic

14. Daily Question to Know • Question: • When was the Articles of Confederation written? When did the U.S. Constitution take its place? • SS.8.A.3.9: Evaluate the structure, strengths, and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and its aspects that led to the constitutional convention.

15. Not United • Even though the Colonies had won their independence, they were hardly a united nation. • By 1780 every state had their own Constitution or body of laws. • They did this because they were scared to have any one person hold to much power… Why would they be scared? • They just rebelled from a King. King George III

16. Further Steps to divide power The states also established divided government functions to dilute the source of power. They had a Governor as well as a legislature.

17. Formation of a Republic • As each state quickly created their own constitution, they were slow to create a united nation. • They did all agree however that they were to create a Republic. • A government in which citizens rule through elected representatives. • They couldn’t agree on the organization and types of powers this republic would have.

18. America’s First Attempt at Government March 1, 1781 The Articles of Confederation was put into effect. Creating the United States. STATES remained the holders of the majority of power. Each state was still basically its own independent nation held together by a WEAK central government. Under the AoC if the central government wanted to do anything they had to get the states approval. Under the AoC there was a WEAK central government and almost all powers laid with the states.

19. The Confederation Government • 1781-1789 The confederation years • Weaknesses • No strong central government • Couldn’t pass laws unless 9/13 states voted yes. • Couldn’t Amend the AoC unless 13/13 states voted yes. • Some things it did… • Expanded foreign trade • Established policies for expanding westward.

20. Democracy vs. Republic Venn Diagram

21. Warm Up: Warm up Activity: How long were the Articles of Confederation the document that established law in the U.S.A? In your opinion what was an important achievement established by the AoC? OCSR: What was the first battle of the American Revolution? Define: Petition, Compromise.

22. Daily Question to Know • Question: • Do you see a problem with every city/town/county/state being able to print their own money? Why or why not. • SS.8.A.3.9: Evaluate the structure, strengths, and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and its aspects that led to the constitutional convention.

23. The Northwest Ordinance Passed in 1787 established a single North West Territoryout of the lands north of the Ohio river, and east of the Mississippi river. This land was to be divided into 3-5 more smaller territories. When these territories had 60,000 people they could petition to join the Union as a State. Did not allow slaves or indentured servants in any new lands. This is Americas first attempt to limit/stop slavery.

24. A major weakness of the AoC The AoC had so little power that they could not deal with the countries financial problems. The central government could not impose taxes, so they printed paper money. The central government and the states printed their OWNpaper money. This led to inflation…

25. George Washington’s view on the AoC George Washington described the government as “little more than the shadow without the substance” What does that mean? Americans started to realize they needed a stronger central government.

26. The Issue of Slavery By 1786 11 of the 13 states (all except South Carolina and Georgia) Outlawed, or heavily taxed the importation of enslaved people. Although slaves were not really used in the North, it was still legal. In 1787 the North Abolished Slavery.

27. The Constitutional Convention 55 Delegates gathered in Philadelphia in May 1787. To revise the AoC Important people: George Washington, Benjamin Franklin (Who was 80), James Wilson, Gouverneur Morris (wrote the final draft of the US Constitution), James Madison (called the Father of the Constitution). Articles of Confederation Handout

28. Warm Up: Warm up Activity: Even though slaves were no longer able to be imported into the Americas did that mean slavery had stopped? When was slavery abolished in the North? OCSR: What happened to the English colony at Roanoke? Define: Compromise, Proportional.

29. Daily Question to Know • Question: • If you were from a large state what plan would you support and why? • If you were from a small state what plan would you support and why? • SS.8.A.3.10: Examine the course and consequences of the Constitutional Convention (New Jersey Plan, Virginia Plan, Great Compromise, Three-Fifths Compromise, compromises regarding taxation and slave trade, Electoral College, state vs. federal power, empowering a president)

30. Setting the Stage • The convention was to revise the AoC… however that is not what happened. • They established rules for how the meetings would progress. • George Washington was selected to preside over the meetings. • Each state would have one vote. • Majority vote • No meetings unless 7/13 states were represented. • Doors were to remain closed, and the meetings secret from the public.

31. The Virginia Plan • With the rules set, and the convention underway a radical idea came forward. • Edmund Randolph a delegate from Virginia proposed that the delegates created a strong central national government instead of revising the AoC. • The Virginia Planwas introduced. • James Madison was behind this plan. Edmund Randolph

32. Virginia Plan Details • Two-house legislature • Lower house elected by the people. • Upper house chosen by the Lower House. • Number of reps. Per state dependent on each states population proportional to the country. • A Chief executive chosen by the legislature • A court system.

33. The New Jersey Plan • Opposition rose quickly to one of the Virginia Plans key points. • Which point do you think? • They wanted equal representation instead of being given less power because of a smaller population. • They also ONLY wanted to amend and revise the AoC, by giving the central government new powers such as taxing and regulation of trade.

34. The Big Decision • The convention was at a standstill. • Until they decided to create a new Constitution or to Amend/Revise the AoC they could not continue. • On June 19th they decided to work toward a NEW National Government based off of the Virginia Plan. • What big problem did they still face? • Representation based off population or state…

35. Big Questions Don’t write down. Large questions now arose which sparked a lot of debate. How was the congress to be elected? How would states representation be in upper and lower houses? Did slaves count as part of the population?

36. Warm Up: Warm up Activity: Which type of states would favor the Virginia Plan? Which type of states would favor the New Jersey Plan? OCSR: What is the difference between a Patriot and a loyalist? Define: Amendment, Electoral College

37. Daily Question to Know • Question: • What is your personal opinion about the 3/5ths compromise? How does it make you feel? • SS.8.A.3.10: Examine the course and consequences of the Constitutional Convention (New Jersey Plan, Virginia Plan, Great Compromise, Three-Fifths Compromise, compromises regarding taxation and slave trade, Electoral College, state vs. federal power, empowering a president)

38. The Great Compromise • Roger Shermanproposed the Great Compromise. • The lower house (The house of representatives) would vary according to the states population. • The Upper House (The Senate) each state would have two members.

39. The Three-Fifths Compromise • Should slaves count toward a states population? • Why would they want to count the slaves? • Larger representation in the House of Representatives. • The North Objected based on the fact that the Slaves were treated as property. • Eventually it was decided that each slave would count as 3/5 of a person for both Taxation and Representation.

40. Bill of Rights George Masonof Virginia proposed that a bill of rights be added to the constitution. It was to ensure that the new government did not limit peoples rights.

41. Amendment Process The AoC had required uniramous approval to Amend. They had decided that to amend the new constitution a 9/13 vote would be needed. Therefore when 9/13 states approved the Constitution the United States would come into existence.

42. Plans and Compromises Foldable (20pts) • Fold your paper into 3 equal parts. • Left side = Virginia Plan • Middle = Great Compromise • Right Side = New Jersey Plan • Back = 3/5th Compromise • Each section should include 2-3 sentences/bullets describing the plan/compromise, and a picture that relates to that event.

43. Quiz Review Questions (14pts) • Which type of states favored the New Jersey plan, why? • Explain how the Great Compromise included both large and small states in its plan. • How did the 3/5ths compromise work, why did both the North and the South Agree to this? • Who asked for a Bill of Rights to be added to the Constitution, and why did he say it was needed? • What was the original purpose of the constitutional convention, why did this plan change? • What were the major downfalls of the Articles of Confederation? • What is the difference between a Democracy and a Republic? • Unit III.5 Vocabulary Cross Word (10pts)

44. Warm Up: Warm up Activity: What has been your favorite form of vocabulary review? Should we create vocabulary flash cards as part of our review of the words? OCSR: What tax was designed to stop smugglers, and how? Define: Amendment, Petition

45. Daily Question to Know • Question: • What are three words that you are really struggling with (vocab wise) write their definition out now? • SS.8.A.3.10: Examine the course and consequences of the Constitutional Convention (New Jersey Plan, Virginia Plan, Great Compromise, Three-Fifths Compromise, compromises regarding taxation and slave trade, Electoral College, state vs. federal power, empowering a president)

46. Create a bingo chart similar to the one below. You may need to use words multiple times. You can’t use any word more than twice. Place them in a random order!!! Unit III.5 Vocabulary Bingo!!! B I N G O Constitution Bicameral Republic Petition Ordinance Depreciate Depression Proportional Compromise Enlightenment Federalism Electoral College Legislative Branch Executive Branch Judicial Branch Amendment Ratify

47. Warm Up: Warm up Activity: What was the first official colony for Great Britain in the Americas? What was the first permanent settlement in North America for the Spanish? OCSR: Which group of people arrived in N. America before Columbus did? Define: Executive Branch, Electoral College

48. Daily Question to Know • Question: • What did you do to prepare for these Quizzes? • SS.8.A.3.10: Examine the course and consequences of the Constitutional Convention (New Jersey Plan, Virginia Plan, Great Compromise, Three-Fifths Compromise, compromises regarding taxation and slave trade, Electoral College, state vs. federal power, empowering a president)

49. VOCAB QUIZ (16pts) When you get to this slide do the vocabulary Bingo, then the quiz the following day.

50. QUIZ BREAK Anything above this slide is eligible to be on the quiz for Unit III.5.