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Japan’s recent activities on mercury

Japan’s recent activities on mercury. Exposures and health research on mercury MoE, Minamata research center New development on the comprehensive strategy of toxic metal control (including mercury) Up-to-date material flow analysis Mercury and Pb, Cd Input/output to/from and within Japan

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Japan’s recent activities on mercury

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  1. Japan’s recent activities on mercury • Exposures and health research on mercury • MoE, Minamata research center • New development on the comprehensive strategy of toxic metal control (including mercury) • Up-to-date material flow analysis • Mercury and Pb, Cd • Input/output to/from and within Japan • Emission estimation • Industrial sectors • Municipal/industrial incinerators • Products • Measurement of consumer products • Review of new/existing mercury reduction technologies • Environmental monitoring • Fate modeling

  2. Status of multimedia modeling efforts of mercury fate and transport Noriyuki Suzuki, Yoshitaka Imaizumi, Takeo Sakurai, Kiyoshi Tanabe, Hiroaki Shiraishi and Yasuyuki Shibata National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan

  3. General understanding of the fate of mercury : taken from UNEP Global Assessment report

  4. Multimedia fate model/concept of trace chemicals Cowan, et al. (1995)

  5. General structure of G-CIEMS multimedia model AIR LAND RIVER SEA MULTIMEDIA • Multimedia fate process on geo-referenced environment • Advective and inter-media transport processes • Transformation from parent to daughter products

  6. Global G-CIEMS: preliminary case study • Model domain • Global, 2.5 x 2.5 degrees (in general) • Single Arctic and Antarctic region • Target compound and emission estimation • PCB #153 and Hg • Emission estimation is based on Breivik, et al. • Environmental media • Air grids: 2.5 x 2.5 degree • Soil compartment with essential same resolution of air • Single generic sea compartment • Meteorological data • Yearly average meteorological data • Needs to be incorporate more detailed temporal resolution • Model used • G-CIEMS multimedia fate model • Global expansion of spatially-resolved regional multimedia fate model

  7. 10-6 10-11 10-15 (kg/s) 101 10-8 10-18 (pg/m3) Emission pattern and air concentration of PCB#153 simulated by G-CIEMS model Emission Air concentration

  8. Model intercomparison study • Fig. 8. Particulate dry deposition flux from the atmosphere to different types of underlying surface, ng/m2/h POP model intercomparison study (MSC-E/EMEP)

  9. Air ・Hg(0), Hg2+, Hg(p) ・Dry/wet depositions and other inter-media processes for each species Hg(0) Hg2+ Hg(p) Water Soil Hg(0) Hg2+ ・In soil, water and sediment, Hg(0), Hg2+, MeHg ・Methylation to MeHg tentatively assumed - Inter-media processes among air, water, soil and sediment MeHg Sediment Simplified mercury speciation for multimedia model simulation by our model

  10. 10-3 10-7 10-11 Mercury emission data for preliminary calculation (Pachyna, Y., et al.)

  11. 10-10 10-15 10-20 Concentration of total Hg in air Simulated air concentration at cape Hedo in Okinawa, Japan

  12. Working issues • Need for the improvement of the air compartments to be compared to the atmospheric transport models • Development of the mercury-specific fate processes in other media when necessary • Extensive validation to the measured data in air and possible other media

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