Publishers and online subscription models

1. Publishers and online subscription models Kaufman-Wills Group, LLC Charleston Conference November 7, 2003

2. Overview • Types of institutional subscription models • Examples of publishers using each model • Pros and cons from publisher perspective • Differences among commercial and non-profits • Decision-making considerations • Financial • Sales and marketing • Customer service and fulfillment • Future trends • Wellcome Trust scenarios • Author-led • Actual use

3. Bundled print and online Unbundled Bundled option Online only Print only (addl print) Tiered pricing Concurrent use Number of seats Workstation (1 IP, user name/password) Size of institution FTE Relevant FTE Type of institution Carnegie Classification Academic, government, corporate Open access Author/institutional paid Society supported Types of subscription models

4. Bundled print and online Unbundled Concurrent users Single simultaneous user, Or site license Size of institution Carnegie Type of institution Open access Institutional membership/author paid Society supported Publisher examples

5. Pros and cons: publisher perspective • Bundled • Pros: Raise print price to cover online, maintains print, simple product pricing • Cons: Unresponsive to user needs, production costs for two formats • Unbundled • Pros: User demand, opens door for usage based pricing, print can be add-on • Cons: More complicated pricing, threat to advertising, difficult transition • Concurrent use • Pros: Can keep institution’s costs down, may equate to use • Cons: Not really tied to use, restricted access, difficult to administer • Size of institution • Pros: Starts to equate to usage, revenues offset personal and inst subscriptions • Cons: FTEs v relevant FTEs argument; difficult to determine tier, implement • Type of institution • Pros: Easier to identify than size, HighWire supported, “fit in with the pack” • Cons: Difficult to differentiate between tiers, hard to figure for inst outside of US • Open access • Pros: Open to experimentation, pro-institution, may attract more papers • Cons: Unproven financial return, author hardship to pay?, low citation impact

6. Decision-making considerations • Financial • Replace loss of subscriptions as individuals gain access through institutional site licenses • Replace loss of (multiple) print subscriptions as institutions purchase site-wide, desktop access • Sales and marketing • Easier to market print plus online features than online and print as separate products • Separate pricing, editorial development needed for specialty gateways, title collections • Personal sales needed for top tier, multi-site, and consortial license negotiation and sales • Customer service and fulfillment • No new systems required for bundled model • New fulfillment systems, customer service training needed for tiered models

7. Future trends • Actual use… the beginnings or flashback to the past • To determine tiers: equating number of downloads for non-US institutions to equivalent downloads for US institutions • American Physical Society • BMJ (for 2005) • Institution, author-led • Author repositories: DSpace initiative (MIT) • SPARC, University of California initiative • Wellcome Trust scenarios • More of the same • Commercial withdrawal • Commercial publishers gain more control • Deposit libraries and open access become dominant

8. Alma J. Wills, Partner Cara S. Kaufman, Partner Kaufman-Wills Group, LLC 24 Aintree Road Baltimore, MD 21286 410 821 8035 (ph) 443 269 0283 (fax) ckaufman@bellatlantic.net almawills12@comcast.net Selected clients Am Acad Ped Am Assoc Immunologists Am Coll Cardiology Am Coll Radiology American Psychiatric Assoc Am Soc Clin Oncology ASPET ASTRO Intl Anesthesia Res Soc NEJM Proj Hope/Hlth Affairs Alma: former President, Periodicals Div, Williams & Wilkins Cara: former Publisher, Am Heart Assoc journals, The Lancet www.kaufmanwills.com