13 English Colonies

1. 13 English Colonies • Why did the English come to America? • Wealth • Land • Religious freedom

3. Roanoke Island – “The Lost Colony” • Roanoke Island was the first British settlement in North America. • Roanoke Island was first settled by Sir WalterRaleighin 1584. Sir Walter Raleigh funded and authorized the expeditions to Roanoke Island.

4. Raleigh named the entire region Virginia. • However, Roanoke Island is in present day NorthCarolina, where the capital is named Raleigh.

5. The settlement failed because of food shortages and troubles with the Native Americans and Spain. • In 1587,John Whitereturned and tries again to start a British settlement on Roanoke Island. • John White returned to England later in 1587 for supplies. • Because of fighting between the British and the Spanish Armada, White was unable to return to the colony until 1590.

6. White returned in 1590 to find that everyone had vanished.

7. Jamestown Colony

8. The Settlement of Jamestown • The settlement of Jamestown was started in Virginia by the VirginiaCompany in 1607. - 2/3’s of the colonists died of disease and hunger. • Captain John Smith saved Jamestown. - By bargaining for food with the Powhatan Indians. - and by calling for a “no work, no food” rule.

10. The colonist John Rolfe married the Powhatan princess Pocahontas. JOHN ROLFE AND POCAHONTASearly 1850s, J. W. Glass John Rolfe Pocohantas

11. This marriage brought peace between the colonists and the Powhatans, and ensured economic success for Jamestown after Pocahontas introduced tobacco to John Rolfe.

12. Settlement of Jamestown • The Virginia Company offered people willing to move to Jamestown a headright. Headright –50 acres of land given to each person who could pay their own way to Virginia Official seal of the Virginia Company

13. one acre = 4,840 square yards, or 43,560 square feet In the photos above, the blue square represents one acre. 

14. Cheerio, mates, how about working for the Virginia Company in the beautiful settlement of Jamestown! After all, only 66% of the people have died, so you have a 1 in 3 chance of surviving! Also, everyone that can pay for their own journey to Virginia will receive 50 acres of land, free!

15. It sounds tempting, but we have a good life in England. Why should we give up the good life? And if we go, I will have to work! Yuck! Sounds great! Sign me up! After I receive my headright, I’ll finally have land of my own! Umm…I only have one problem. I’m broke and can’t pay for my own journey. Too bad, you say? Darn!!

16. The Virginia Company began to hire indenturedservants. • In 1619, the Virginia Company brought the first Africans to Jamestown as indentured servants. * Soon afterwards, Africans were used as slaves.

17. Voting Rights • Also in 1619, male settlers chose burgesses, or representatives, that met in an assembly called the House of Burgessesmaking Jamestown the first representative government in the colonies. • By 1670, only male property owners were allowed to vote. • In 1723, the right to vote was taken away from free black property owners as well.

18. Plymouth Colony The story of the Pilgrims voyage to Plymouth

19. Religious Disagreement in England • In the 1530’s King Henry VIII declared himself the head of the Church of England and everyone was expected to follow the ways of the Church of England. • A group of critics emerged within the Anglican Church called Puritans who tried “purify” the church by getting rid of all Catholicinfluences. • A small group of Puritans disapproved so strongly they left the church and became separatists.

20. Life as a Separatist • Separatist enraged the English government and were attacked for their beliefs and shut out of their communities. • In 1608, a groups of separatists calling themselves Pilgrims, settle in the city of Leyden located in the Netherlands. Netherlands England

21. Life in the Netherlands • The Pilgrims are able to worship as they please, but were unhappy because they felt they were losing their English cultureand were afraid their children would become more like the Dutch.

22. PlymouthColony • The Pilgrims make the decision to travel to the English Colonies, and gained a charter from the London Company to set up a charter in Virginia. • On November 9, 1620, the Mayflower arrived at the tip of Cape Cod, carrying 100 men, women, and children. "The Landing of the Pilgrims" (1877) by Henry A. Bacon Mayflower in Plymouth Harbor by William Halsall (1882)

23. Mayflower Compact • Since they were outside of their charter and its laws, the Pilgrims decide to establish some kind of law. • 41 men signed the Mayflower Compact setting up a form of self-government agreeing to obey laws passed by the majority.

24. Life in Plymouth Colony • During their first winter, half of the Plymouth Colonists died from hunger and disease. • In the spring of 1621, a native, named Squanto, came to the Pilgrims’ Rescue. • The Native Americans gave the Pilgrims seeds and showed them how to plant them. They also taught them how to catch eels from nearby rivers.

25. The First Thanksgiving • Thanks to the help of Native Americans, the Pilgrims have an abundant harvest in 1621 and also receive an official charter for their settlement from the Council of New England. "The First Thanksgiving at Plymouth" (1914) By Jennie A. Brownscombe • To celebrate, they share their harvest with the Native Americans in the first Thanksgiving.

26. The New England Colonies

27. John Winthrop and the Puritans The Puritans were convinced that the English church was not moving with modern times asked for a charter to set up the Massachusetts Bay Company in New England. The Puritans sailed to New England and arrived in 1630 and set up their colony in Massachusetts. • John Winthropwas elected the first governor of the colony. As the new governor he passed laws without the people’s say and heavily taxed the colonists.

28. Results of Winthrop’s LeadershipGreat Migration • Massachusetts Bay Colony prospered • Bet. 1629-1640 over 15,000 men, women, and children journeyed to Mass. • Became known as theGreat Migration - movement from England to Mass. Many settled in Boston; became colony’s largest town

29. People must have say in their government • Winthrop quickly realized that people must have say in their government if things were to run smoothly. • Under the leadership of Winthrop and other Puritans: • Changed right to vote to all men who were church members This was done to keep non-Puritans out of government • Elected representative assembly called the General Court General Court - elected representatives comprised of male church members Under the leadership of Winthrop the town grew and later was called Boston.

30. Rhode Island • No religious freedom? • Roger Williams believed you should tolerate other people’s beliefs in God. • He left Massachusetts and started a colony, Providence. • Anne Hutchinson was a woman who believed you could go directly to God so you could pray to God without going through a priest. • She moved to Providence with Roger Williams and started the Rhode Island Colony.

31. Connecticut • Thomas Hooker left Massachusetts to live in Connecticut because he didn’t like the way the Puritans lived. • IN 1639,Connecticut adopted a rudimentary constitution called the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut.

32. New Hampshire Maine • Maine remained part of Massachusetts until 1820. • No one knows who first settled New Hampshire, but it became a royal colony in 1680.

33. A Life of Hard Work –New England was a difficult land for the colonists. • The soil was rocky and poor for farming. After some time colonists learned how to grow Native American crops such as corn, beans and squash. The woods were full of deer, hogs and turkeys for hunting. New Englanders fished in coastal waters for cod and halibut. In the 1600’s many New Englanders began hunting whales. In the 1700 to1800’s whaling grew into a big business.

34. “Knowledge is Power” ~ Steve Clark • Puritans believed education was important. Learning took place in private “dame schools.” • Later Massachusetts would start the first public school.

35. “Knowledge is Power” ~ Steve Clark • During the 1600’s, Puritan people were very religious. They took the Sabbath (Sunday) very seriously. • No one could work or play games on that day. Women had to sit on the other side of the men in the church. Many crimes were punished by the death penalty. • One crime punished by death was witchcraft. In 1692, Puritans executed 20 men and women as witches in the Salem village, Massachusetts.

36. Life in New England • The average Puritan family had 7-8 children. They saw children as a blessing of God. As a result of the climate many people reached the age of 70.

37. The Middle Colonies Peter Stuyvesant

38. New Netherland • The Dutch set up a colony of New Netherlands along the Hudson River. The colonists traveled with the Indians and built the settlement of New Amsterdam. Settlers mainly traded in furs. • To encourage farming, Dutch officials granted huge estates to a few rich families. Owners of these huge lands or manors were called patroons. In return for the grant, each patroonpromised to settle 50 European families on the land.

39. Problems in New Netherland • Farmers did not want to work for patroons, charging whatever they wanted for rent. • In 1664, England and the Netherlands fought in a war over trade in Europe and in August English warships entered New Amsterdam’s harbor. The governor of New Netherland, Peter Stuyvesant, swore to defend his colony.

40. Pete’s Problems • Peter Stuyvesant had few weapons • Was unpopular with citizens • Colonists refused to help Peter Stuyvesant surrendered to England without firing a shot King Charles II gave New Netherland to his brother, the Duke of York who renamed the colony -- New York.

41. Colonists Begging Stuyvesant to Surrender to the British

42. New York City Today

43. Founding New Jersey • New York was too big for the Duke of York to govern so he decided to give some of the land to his friends Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret. who set up a proprietary colony in 1664. A Proprietary colony is when the King gives land to one or more people in return for yearly payments.

44. New Jersey • The proprietors were free to divide up their land to others. They were also free to make up the laws. • Many people were attracted to New Jersey because of the fertile farmland and wealth of natural resources. • In 1702, New Jersey became a royal colony under control of the English crown. Royal Colony - a colony under the direct control of the English crown. Religious freedom and rights of assembly were protected by colony’s charter.

45. Pennsylvania is Founded • William Penn, an Englishman, founded the colony of Pennsylvania. In England at the age of 22 he joined a despised group that believed that all people were equal in God’s sight. called the Quakers. • Quakers were arrested, fined, or even hanged for their ideas. • Penn believed the Quakers must leave England. He turned to the king for help. A Quaker waits for the inspiration of theHoly Spirit

46. The king issued a royal charter • The King Charles issued a royal charter naming Penn proprietor of a new colony, later called Pennsylvania. • Penn wanted equal treatment for all people and religions. People went to Pennsylvania to escape religious persecution.

47. Delaware - Originally included in Pennsylvania • Known as Pennsylvania’s LowerCounties • Settlers in the lower countries did not want to send delegates to a far away assembly in Philadelphia. • In 1701 William Penn allowed the people in the lower countries to elect their own assembly. Later the lower countries broke away to form the colony of Delaware.

48. Geography and HistoryA Land of Plenty • The Middle colonies exported so much grain that they were called the Breadbasket Colonies • Farmers in the middle colonies also raised cattle and pigs. They sent tons of beef, pork, and butter to ports in New York. • In time Pennsylvania became the center of manufacturing and crafts. They made hardware, clocks, watches locks, glass, stoneware, nails and paper. Everyone had jobs; households were self-sufficient -everything needed for survival made at home

49. Town and Country • The different groups that settled in the Middle Colonies had their own favorite way of building homes. • Swedish settlers built log cabins. • The Dutch used red bricks to build their homes. • German settlers developed a wood burning stove that heated a home better. • In the 1700’s, thousands of German and Scottish-Irish settlers arrived in Philadelphia’s they headed west into the backcountry,

50. The Backcountry • The Backcountry, the area of land along the eastern slopes of the Appalachian Mountains. Settlers followed the old Iroquois trail. This trail became known as the Great Wagon Road.