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Ancient Greece

Ancient Greece. SOL WHI.5. Geography. Located on the Balkan and Peloponnesus Peninsula between the Mediterranean and Aegean Sea. Mountain terrain resulted in the formation of isolated cities. City states formed governments instead of a national government.

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Ancient Greece

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  1. Ancient Greece SOL WHI.5

  2. Geography • Located on the Balkan and Peloponnesus Peninsula between the Mediterranean and Aegean Sea. • Mountain terrain resulted in the formation of isolated cities. • City states formed governments instead of a national government. • city-state: a sovereign state consisting of an independent city and its surrounding territory.

  3. Mountains of Greece

  4. Mountainous Terrain

  5. Economic Development • Land provided poor farming • limited arable land • forced people to trade and colonize elsewhere • located within sailing distance of Egypt and Mesopotamia • through trade Greeks were able to spread their culture – Hellenistic (Hellenic) culture • Greece did have good harbors for trade. • Greece shifted from a barter economy to a money economy (coins) to increase trade.

  6. Stop! Question 1. Why would an economy based on money bring more trade than an economy based on bartering?

  7. Poor farmland

  8. Geography Effected Political Development • Mountainous terrain hindered the development of a national government • 2. WHY? • Therefore, city-states were formed. • Greek city-states were designed to promote civic and economic activities. • City-states were independent of each other. • Because of overpopulation, Greeks began to colonize new lands and search for arable land.

  9. Early Greek History The Minoans • The Minoans civilization was based in Crete. • Made it an excellent trade location between the mainland of Greece and Egypt. • The Minoans lived peacefully but experienced outside invasions. • Minoan civilization fell about 1450BCE either because of invasion or a volcanic eruption.

  10. The Mycenaeans • Sometime before 2200BCE Indo-Europeans migrated onto the Peloponnesian peninsula. • They reached their height between 1400 and 1230BCE. • The Minoans and Mycenaeans were the first European civilizations.

  11. The Dorian Invasion • Between 1200 and 750BCE Greece fell into a decline – Dark Ages of Greece. • Around 1200BCE the Dorians invaded and conquered the Greek mainland. • The Dorians were barbaric people. • They organized themselves into small fortified cities. • The beginnings of the city-state. • They were polytheistic. • Beginnings of Greek mythology.

  12. The Archaic Period • Between 800 and 500 BCE Greece was transformed. • The population outgrew its resources and class struggle emerged. • City states of Greece began to colonize other lands for arable land. • Trade, economics, and Greek civilization began to emerge.

  13. Religion (Greek Mythology) • Religion of Greece was polytheistic and integral to culture, politics, and art of Greece. • Greeks believed gods interacted with humans and were part of private lives. • Humanized the Gods • Greeks mythology developed as a collection of stories to explain what could not be explained. • Explanation of natural phenomena, human qualities and life events. • Myths often carried a moral with them.

  14. Stop! Question? 3. Why would a civilization want to create stories to explain the unexplainable?

  15. Greek gods and goddessesCan you name any?

  16. Zeus – king of the gods, ruled from Mt. Olympus.

  17. Hera - Queen of Gods and wife of Zeus.

  18. Hermes • Hermes is a god of transitions and boundaries • Son of Zeus

  19. Demeter • Demeter is the godess of corn, grain, and the harvest

  20. Athena Athena - Goddess of Wisdom.

  21. Aphrodite Aphrodite - Goddess of Love and Beauty

  22. Poseidon- god of the sea.

  23. Apollo- god of musicand light.

  24. Artemis- virgin god of the hunt and newborn creatures

  25. Muses- are the goddesses of the inspiration They were considered the source of knowledge

  26. The Fates - The Fates have the subtle but awesome power of deciding a man's destiny.

  27. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Dc_mkH2pGEhttp://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=greek%20gods%20and%20goddesses&oq=greek%20gods%20&gs_l=youtube.3.0.0l10.56434.60241.2.62065.14.11.2.1.2.0.192.1188.8j3.11.0...0.0...1ac.1.11.youtube.A6EyljJ0Pj4http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Dc_mkH2pGEhttp://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=greek%20gods%20and%20goddesses&oq=greek%20gods%20&gs_l=youtube.3.0.0l10.56434.60241.2.62065.14.11.2.1.2.0.192.1188.8j3.11.0...0.0...1ac.1.11.youtube.A6EyljJ0Pj4

  28. Today Greek gods symbols and images are used in Western literature, art, monumental architecture, and politics.

  29. Social Structure and Citizenship • City-states were called the polis • Members of the polis: • 1. Citizens – free adult males – had political rights and responsibility of civic preparation in government. • 2. Free people – women, foreigners, and young males. • had no political rights • 3. Slaves – non-citizens – had no political rights

  30. To become a citizen, men served 10 years of military service. • Adult males became citizens and had a voice in government and protection from government • Participation in government was expected. 4. What's the purpose of participating in government?

  31. Democracy in Athens • The city state of Athens went through several stages of government development before forming a democracy. • 1. Monarchy – form of government in which a king or queen rules. • 2. Aristocracy – rule by upper class people – usually a minority group. • 3. Tyranny – harsh rule by an absolute monarch or dictator. • 4. Democracy – rule by the people

  32. Reformers of Athens • Draco – was a harsh tyrant ruler about 620 BCE. • responsible for first written laws of Athens. • had harsh penalties for crimes, BUT accused had a right to a jury trial and were innocent until proven guilty. • Sound Familiar? • Solon – tyrant ruled about 544 BCE. • made laws of Draco less harsh. • freed slaves and favored rights of lower classes.

  33. Direct Democracy in Athens • Athens was a direct democracy – citizens voted on each issue considered by the government. • Public debates and hearing were held so citizens could express their views. • Free people were allowed to participate in debates BUT could not vote. • Citizens were expected to partake in debates and voting. 5. Why do YOU think citizens were expected to partake in debates and voting?

  34. Sparta • Sparta formed an oligarchy – rule by a small elite group. • Military leaders who controlled the army led the oligarchy. • Rigid social classes developed with lower classes having few rights and people lived in constant awareness of the military. • Sparta developed an aggressive city-state where military conquests were held above all else.

  35. Objectives for Class • Summarize how the Persian Wars effects Greece • Understand the cause and effect of the Peloponnesian War

  36. Wars of Ancient Greece The Trojan War • The war took place around 1194 BCE. • The war probably began over economic control of the Dardanelles. • Greek legend says it began when Prince Paris of Troy kidnapped Helen (the wife of a Greek King). • The Greeks sailed to Troy to rescue her. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9RYGQQ_qybY

  37. For the next 10 years war raged between the Greeks and the Trojans. • Most of what we know comes from the myths of Ancient Greece and from the poems of Homer. • Some of the greatest Greek heroes fought in this war (Ajax, Achilles, Odysseus, and Hector).

  38. The German archeologist Heinrich Schliemann uncovered the remains of Troy in 1820. • He found evidence of war and a fire that destroyed the city. • Legend says the Greeks built a large horse as a peace offering to the Trojans.

  39. The Greek army hid inside while the large wooden horse was brought into Troy. • After nightfall the Greeks exited the horse and attacked and burned the city. • The Greeks were left to be the dominant group of people in the region. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YbiR6IMf5KQ

  40. Persian War: 499-449 BCE • Greek city-states faced a threat from the Persian Empire. • Athens and Sparta united to fight the Persians. • Persia conquered most of Asia minor and moved towards Greece. • At the Plains of Marathon, 26 miles from Athens, the Greeks fought and defeated the Persians. This left the Greeks in control of the Aegean Sea. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QkWS9PiXekE What is a marathon?

  41. The Greeks crushed the Persians a messenger ran back to Athens and yelled Nike! (victory) and then dropped dead. • City-states formed an alliance to beat Persians. • Athens preserved its independence and continued innovations in government and culture. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QkWS9PiXekE

  42. Battle of Thermopylae • 7,000 Greeks led by King Leonidas of Sparta stood firm against the Persians for 3 days • Greek traitor showed enemy a trail over the Greeks • Leonidas sent off troops • 300 remained obedient to the law of Sparta • Their stand gave Themistocles enough time to carry out his plan of a counter attack

  43. Battle of Salamis • Themistocles drew Persian fleet into the strait of Salamis • Heavy Persian ships crowded together and made easy targets for the Greek ships • Greeks destroyed entire Persian fleet • After battle, Greeks gained upper hand • 479BC- Persians retreated for good • End of Persian Wars- Greeks returned to their traditional quarrels

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