140 likes | 229 Views
Jean-Yves Le Boudec Dan- Cristian Tomozei. A SERVICE CURVE APPROACH TO DEMAND RESPONSE. 1. Agenda. Demand Response Service Curve Approach User Side Optimization Operator Side Optimization. Demand Response. Some Demand can be delayed !
E N D
Jean-Yves Le Boudec Dan-CristianTomozei A SERVICE CURVE APPROACH TO DEMAND RESPONSE 1 1
Agenda • DemandResponse • Service CurveApproach • User SideOptimization • OperatorSideOptimization 2
DemandResponse • SomeDemandcanbedelayed ! • DSO provides best effort service withstatisticalguarantees [Keshav and Rosenberg 2010] VoltalisBluepodswitches off thermal load for 30 mn Programmabledishwasher PeakSaver cycles AC for 15mn 3
Price vs Quantity [Conejo et al, 2010] • Peaksaver, Bluepodact by quantity control • DSO/Aggregatorswitches off appliance • Price control oftenproposed as alternative • Userssavewhenpriceishigh • [Meyn 2010] : highvolatilityis an inherentfeature of electricitymarkets 4
Centralized vs Distributed Control • Direct control by DSO/Aggregator for air conditioning, dryers • Not scalable, does not adapt to diversity and flexibility • Appliance control shouldbedone close to end-users 5
Price BasedApproach QuantityBasedApproach + Predictablecosts -Centralized, inflexible, no user input + Distributed, flexible, user caninteract -Volatility, Reconciliation, Predictability Service CurveApproach + Distributed, flexible, user caninteract + Predictablecosts 6
Definition of Service CurveApproach • Customer agrees to bethrottled, with a bound • Fixedprice per kWh • Total loadiscontrolled DSO Instant power Control by DSO Service curve contract Service curve 7
Example 1:LoadSwitching • At most 30 mn of interruption total per day • Or reduction to for 60mn total per day 8
Example 2:TwoLevel Control • Similar, but a minimum power isguaranteed • Bettersuited (than ex 1) whenapplied to an entire home /enterprise 9
The Maths of Two-Level Control • The constraint on isequivalent to • i.e. the allowedenergy per window of time islowerbounded 10
User SideOptimization • User can observe pastsignals and predictworst case future • Smart home controllercan manage loadaccordingly[LeBoudecTomozei 2011] 11
Provider SideOptimization • Provider maysendsmoothsignals • E.g. to manycustomers, for long periods of time • Or burstysignals • E.g. to selectedcustomers, for shorterperiodsof time • Smoothsignals are optimal for stationary but randomloads, bursty signal are better for shaving peaks 12
EPFL Testbed 13
Conclusions • We propose a service curveapproach to demandresponse • DistributedApplies to total customerloadProvides large flxibility to providerProtects user frompriceuncertainty [Le BoudecTomezei 2011] Le Boudec J.Y. and Tomozei, D.C “Demand Response Using Service Curves”, EPFL-REPORT-168868, https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/168868, 2011 14