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Smart Meters Sarah J Darby

Smart Meters Sarah J Darby. Definition, functions. A 'smart metering system' … means an electronic system that can measure consumption [usually at regular intervals], providing more information than a conventional meter , and can transmit and receive data

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Smart Meters Sarah J Darby

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  1. Smart MetersSarah J Darby

  2. Definition, functions A 'smart metering system' … means an electronic system that can measure consumption [usually at regular intervals], providing more information than a conventional meter, and can transmit and receive data (EU Energy Efficiency Directive, Sept 2012) Smart meters can • Improve system efficiency (network management, fault detection ...) • Improve commercial efficiency (automated meter reading, fraud reduction …) • Encourage reduced overall usage by improving customer awareness and understanding (more informative billing; displays; online information and alerts…) • Reduce bills by enabling shifts in usage away from peak times, in conjunction with time-varying tariffs Dublin 12th March 2013

  3. Looking ahead: Smart electricity meters as elements in Smart grids SG: An electricity network that can intelligently integrate the actions of all users connected to it – generators, consumers and those that do both – in order to efficiently deliver sustainable, economic and secure electricity supplies. (EU SmartGridPlatform, ~2009) Note that ‘smart’ operation can include direct /remote control of loads, and the meter can act as a hub for this. Dublin 12th March 2013

  4. Improvecustomerrelations(utility, customer) Reduceoperational costs(utility, customer) Develop new technologiesand services (industry) Improvefeedback, reduce demand, encourage distributed generation, (customer, government, environment) Smart metering Smart metering: some potential outcomes and beneficiaries Demand response /load management (network operator, environment) Dublin 12th March 2013

  5. Smart meters form part of a system of related hardware, software and practices… Dublin 12th March 2013

  6. ‘Buildings don’t use Energy, People do?’ – 28 June 2011 Research Students’ Conference on Energy Use and CO2 Emissions in Existing Dwellings Indicative energy savings from improved feedback to users (mostly in N. Europe + N. America) 2010 ACEEE review gives range of 4% (from enhanced billing) to 12% (‘real-time plus’ feedback, showing consumption of individual appliances) 2011 review of ~100 electricity feedback pilots showed 5-9% overall savingsand3-19% peak reductions, durableover2-3 years. (http://www.esmig.eu/press/filestor/empower-demand-report/) Energy savings from large-scale trials of smart meters + displays in GB and Ireland were ~3% overall, 9% peak. Dublin 12th March 2013

  7. Great Britain residential trials of smart meters and feedback - findings >60,000 households; ~18,000 with smart meters Combination of smart meters and displays gave persistent energy savings of around 3% against controls, for both gas and electricity Details of delivery, and combination with other interventions, are critical, e.g. ‘Advice should be provided as a fundamental requirement’ Financial incentives to reduce consumption had no enduring effect http://www.ofgem.gov.uk/Sustainability/EDRP/Documents1/Energy%20Demand%20Research%20Project%20Final%20Analysis.pdf

  8. Irish residential electricity customer behaviour trial findings, 2011 4,300 participants, all with smart meters 5 time-of-use tariffs with supporting information, with monthly/ bimonthly bills + detailed statements, electricity displays Baseline data for 6 months; 12 months’ trial data Average overall savings 2.5% relative to control group, at end of a year of TOU tariffs and improved feedback Peak usage reduced by 8.8% on average Bimonthly bill + display gave best reductions: overall 3.7% and peak 11.3% Size of peak:offpeak price ratio had little or no effect on response Fuel-poor households and recipients of free electricity allowance benefited from TOU tariffs Results come from a combination of technology, price signal and customer engagement. http://www.cer.ie/en/information-centre-reports-and-publications.aspx?article=5dd4bce4-ebd8-475e-b78d-da24e4ff7339

  9. Irish residential gas customer behaviour trial findings, 2011 2,000 participants, all with smart meters Tested monthly/bimonthly bills with detailed statements, in-home displays, and seasonal pricing Baseline data for 6 months; 12 months’ trial data Overall savings 3% relative to control group at end of a year Bimonthly bill + display + seasonal tariff gave best reduction (3.6%) 74% said they became more aware of gas usage and cost 57% said the statements helped them reduce usage 62% said their display helped them, and 75% were still using it at end of year http://www.cer.ie/en/information-centre-reports-and-publications.aspx?article=5dd4bce4-ebd8-475e-b78d-da24e4ff7339

  10. Meter functionality for GB Based on DECC specification, 2009

  11. The 2012 Energy Efficiency Directive, Article 8: metering 1. MS shall ensure that, in so far as it is technically possible, financially reasonable and proportionate in relation to potential energy savings, customers … are provided with competitively priced individual meters that accurately reflect … actual energy consumption and that provide information on actual time of use…. when (a) an existing meter is replaced… (b) a new connection is made in a new building or a building undergoes major renovations. 2. (a) …ensure that … the objectives of energy efficiency and benefits for customers are fully taken into account when establishing minimum functionalities of meters and the obligations on market participants; (b) … ensure the security of the smart meters and data communication, and the privacy of final customers…; (d) …ensure that if customers request it, metering data on electricity input and off-take is made available to them or to a third party … in an easily understandable format that they can use to compare deals on a like-for-like basis; (e) they shall require that appropriate advice and information be given to customers at the time of installation of smart meters, in particular about their full potential with regard to meter reading management and the monitoring of energy consumption. 3. Where … a district heating network or … a central source servicing multiple buildings …individual consumption meters shall … be installed by 31 Dec 2016 … Dublin 12th March 2013

  12. summary Poverty isn’t all about money – understanding and control matter, too. Impact of smart metering on fuel poverty depends on specification, design and implementation. Smart metering has some potential to assist fuel poor, e.g. with prepayment, tariff- and supplier-switching, better feedback and advice. Smart grids involve uncertainty and risk with pricing; also concerns about privacy, remote control of loads and remote disconnection. Fuel poverty a crucial consideration in trial design and evaluation. http://www.eci.ox.ac.uk/people/darbysarah.php Dublin 12th March 2013

  13. Evaluating potential for carbon reduction from smart grids in six EU countries. Study carried out for EC-DG Information Society and MediaCombination of literature review and modelling (Pöyry) Modelled emissions savings from smart grid functionalities in 2020 as percentage of Baseline scenario (= no smart grid), and as Mt CO2 per year Darby, SJ, Strömbäck J and Wilks M (in press) Potential carbon impacts of smart grid development in six European countries. Energy Efficiency http://www.eci.ox.ac.uk/research/energy/downloads/darby12-eusmartgrids.pdf (Full report)

  14. Smart MetersSarah J Darby

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