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Part L 2006 goals, mechanisms, potential impacts with particular focus on ADL1a for new housing

Part L review process4-part structure of the new Part Lsummary of changes since 2002 criteria for compliancepractical exampleslow and zero carbon technologiesU values and thermal bridgingairtightnessimplications for new buildwider impacts on industry. presentation structure. Part L review

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Part L 2006 goals, mechanisms, potential impacts with particular focus on ADL1a for new housing

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    1. Part L 2006 – goals, mechanisms, potential impacts with particular focus on ADL1a for new housing

    2. Part L review process 4-part structure of the new Part L summary of changes since 2002 criteria for compliance practical examples low and zero carbon technologies U values and thermal bridging airtightness implications for new build wider impacts on industry presentation structure…

    3. Part L review process consultation document July 2004 consultation process September 2004 working up of draft ADs October ’04 – March ’05 publication of draft ADs July 2005 working up of final ADs August ’05 - March ’06 publication of final ADs March 2006

    4. Part L review process ODPM Building Regs Division

    5. drivers and enablers Energy White Paper Energy Efficiency: The Government’s Plan for Action EU Directive on the Energy Performance of Buildings Sustainable & Secure Buildings Act 2004

    6. Energy White Paper need for 60% reduction in CO2 emissions by 2050 crucial role for Building Regulations

    7. EU Directive Article 3: requires a single whole-dwelling energy performance methodology – SAP 2005 / iSBEM Article 4: requires standards to be set for new and existing buildings Article 5: requirements for new buildings Article 6: requirements for existing buildings Article 7: energy performance certificates

    9. Draft Approved Documents July 2005 (http://www.odpm.gov.uk/)

    10. single primary compliance route based on updated SAP whole house CO2 target (kg/m2/a) for space heating + water heating + lighting 20% reduction in CO2 emissions compared with notional 2002-compliant gas heated dwelling accredited construction details and improved treatment of thermal bridging sample pressurisation testing main changes in the 2006 revision The headline features of the new ADL1a (2005) are:The headline features of the new ADL1a (2005) are:

    11. ADL1 2002 compliance methods: elemental target U value carbon rating main changes in the 2006 revision Some of the main features of previous versions of Part L have been dropped. Under the 2005 regulations, the elemental and target U value routes to compliance have been dropped and replaced with a revised carbon rating approach. The reasons for this change in the structure of Part L are: the need to base the regulations on CO2 which is determined by many factors other than elemental U values the declining relative importance of space heating compared with water heating the requirement of the EPBD that the regulations be based on a whole building calculation methodSome of the main features of previous versions of Part L have been dropped. Under the 2005 regulations, the elemental and target U value routes to compliance have been dropped and replaced with a revised carbon rating approach. The reasons for this change in the structure of Part L are: the need to base the regulations on CO2 which is determined by many factors other than elemental U values the declining relative importance of space heating compared with water heating the requirement of the EPBD that the regulations be based on a whole building calculation method

    12. ADL1 2002 compliance methods: elemental target U value carbon rating main changes in the 2006 revision Some of the main features of previous versions of Part L have been dropped. Under the 2005 regulations, the elemental and target U value routes to compliance have been dropped and replaced with a revised carbon rating approach. The reasons for this change in the structure of Part L are: the need to base the regulations on CO2 which is determined by many factors other than elemental U values the declining relative importance of space heating compared with water heating the requirement of the EPBD that the regulations be based on a whole building calculation methodSome of the main features of previous versions of Part L have been dropped. Under the 2005 regulations, the elemental and target U value routes to compliance have been dropped and replaced with a revised carbon rating approach. The reasons for this change in the structure of Part L are: the need to base the regulations on CO2 which is determined by many factors other than elemental U values the declining relative importance of space heating compared with water heating the requirement of the EPBD that the regulations be based on a whole building calculation method

    13. ADL1 2002 compliance methods: elemental target U value CO2 targets main changes in the 2006 revision Some of the main features of previous versions of Part L have been dropped. Under the 2005 regulations, the elemental and target U value routes to compliance have been dropped and replaced with a revised carbon rating approach. The reasons for this change in the structure of Part L are: the need to base the regulations on CO2 which is determined by many factors other than elemental U values the declining relative importance of space heating compared with water heating the requirement of the EPBD that the regulations be based on a whole building calculation methodSome of the main features of previous versions of Part L have been dropped. Under the 2005 regulations, the elemental and target U value routes to compliance have been dropped and replaced with a revised carbon rating approach. The reasons for this change in the structure of Part L are: the need to base the regulations on CO2 which is determined by many factors other than elemental U values the declining relative importance of space heating compared with water heating the requirement of the EPBD that the regulations be based on a whole building calculation method

    14. criterion 1: predicted CO2 emissions ? target criterion 2: limits on design flexibility criterion 3: prevention of excessive solar gains criterion 4: quality of construction & commissioning criterion 5: provision of information - O&M instructions and Energy Performance Certificate new compliance criteria To comply with the new Part L, you have to satisfy 5 criteria. The next section of this talk will be based on each of these criteria in turn, and will summarise what you need to do to demonstrate that you have met each one. The first criterion will tend to be the most important and the one that, as trainers, you will probably need to spend most time on. This requires the designer to show that the predicted CO2 emissions from your dwelling (the DCDER) are less than its target (the TER). The target CO2 emission rate is based on the predicted emissions from a notional, gas-heated 2002-compliant dwelling of the same overall shape and size as the one that you want to build.To comply with the new Part L, you have to satisfy 5 criteria. The next section of this talk will be based on each of these criteria in turn, and will summarise what you need to do to demonstrate that you have met each one. The first criterion will tend to be the most important and the one that, as trainers, you will probably need to spend most time on. This requires the designer to show that the predicted CO2 emissions from your dwelling (the DCDER) are less than its target (the TER). The target CO2 emission rate is based on the predicted emissions from a notional, gas-heated 2002-compliant dwelling of the same overall shape and size as the one that you want to build.

    15. extensive design freedom allowed within the CO2 target target and design CO2 emission rates are calculated using SAP 2005 www.bre.co.uk/sap2005 CO2 targets and design flexibility The underlying philosophy moves SAP from the periphery to the centre of the Part L. SAP (2005) calculation procedure is to be used for the calculation of both the target and predicted carbon dioxide emission. This ensures that the TER and DCDER are consistent. It also ensures that trade-offs are handled in a consistent and rigorous fashion. The 2005 revision of SAP has changes including: Specific allowance for thermal bridging Electricity for lighting Review of data and procedures for heating systems More recognition of renewable energy sources Assessment of summer overheating Some builders will prefer to follow model element designs. It is anticipated that trade associations and companies will publish model design packages, although the emissions target will have to be demonstrated in each individual case.The underlying philosophy moves SAP from the periphery to the centre of the Part L. SAP (2005) calculation procedure is to be used for the calculation of both the target and predicted carbon dioxide emission. This ensures that the TER and DCDER are consistent. It also ensures that trade-offs are handled in a consistent and rigorous fashion. The 2005 revision of SAP has changes including: Specific allowance for thermal bridging Electricity for lighting Review of data and procedures for heating systems More recognition of renewable energy sources Assessment of summer overheating Some builders will prefer to follow model element designs. It is anticipated that trade associations and companies will publish model design packages, although the emissions target will have to be demonstrated in each individual case.

    16. U values heating system design air tightness and ventilation system etc. (Table R1 in SAP 2005) reference values for notional dwelling The CO2 target is based on the emissions notional dwelling complies with the requirements of ADL1(2002). To ensure that targets under ADL1a(2005) are unambiguous, the notional dwellings has to be defined in some detail. This detail – U values, heating system design, air tightness and ventilation system etc. – is contained in SAP 2005. The applicant for building control approval does not have to type it in. All that has to be done to define the target CO2 emission rate is to enter the areas of the main elements of the proposed dwelling – floor, wall and roof areas. SAP 2005 then calculates the TER automatically. [Note that the TER was referred to as the TCER in the Part L Consultation Document published in July 2004.] The CO2 target is based on the emissions notional dwelling complies with the requirements of ADL1(2002). To ensure that targets under ADL1a(2005) are unambiguous, the notional dwellings has to be defined in some detail. This detail – U values, heating system design, air tightness and ventilation system etc. – is contained in SAP 2005. The applicant for building control approval does not have to type it in. All that has to be done to define the target CO2 emission rate is to enter the areas of the main elements of the proposed dwelling – floor, wall and roof areas. SAP 2005 then calculates the TER automatically. [Note that the TER was referred to as the TCER in the Part L Consultation Document published in July 2004.]

    17. reference values for notional dwelling Reference values for the notional dwellings are listed in Table R1 in Appendix R of SAP 2005. If trainees want to go through the detail, the information is here. But taking too long over this may break up the flow of the talk.Reference values for the notional dwellings are listed in Table R1 in Appendix R of SAP 2005. If trainees want to go through the detail, the information is here. But taking too long over this may break up the flow of the talk.

    21. fuel factors… The fuel factors for the most common domestic heating fuels are set out in the AD in Table 1. The factor for each fuel depends on the ratio of its carbon intensity to the carbon intensity of mains natural gas. Note to trainers: If a participant in a training session asks for more detail, the equation used to calculate the fuel factors is: fuel factor = ?(carbon intensity for chosen fuel / carbon intensity of mains gas) However, for most audiences, it is probably not helpful to go into this level of detail.The fuel factors for the most common domestic heating fuels are set out in the AD in Table 1. The factor for each fuel depends on the ratio of its carbon intensity to the carbon intensity of mains natural gas. Note to trainers: If a participant in a training session asks for more detail, the equation used to calculate the fuel factors is: fuel factor = ?(carbon intensity for chosen fuel / carbon intensity of mains gas) However, for most audiences, it is probably not helpful to go into this level of detail.

    22. future fuel factors… The fuel factors for the most common domestic heating fuels are set out in the AD in Table 1. The factor for each fuel depends on the ratio of its carbon intensity to the carbon intensity of mains natural gas. Note to trainers: If a participant in a training session asks for more detail, the equation used to calculate the fuel factors is: fuel factor = ?(carbon intensity for chosen fuel / carbon intensity of mains gas) However, for most audiences, it is probably not helpful to go into this level of detail.The fuel factors for the most common domestic heating fuels are set out in the AD in Table 1. The factor for each fuel depends on the ratio of its carbon intensity to the carbon intensity of mains natural gas. Note to trainers: If a participant in a training session asks for more detail, the equation used to calculate the fuel factors is: fuel factor = ?(carbon intensity for chosen fuel / carbon intensity of mains gas) However, for most audiences, it is probably not helpful to go into this level of detail.

    23. CO2 emissions for lighting depend on area of windows and nature of glazing fixed allowance for low energy lamps – performance of lighting system is not tradable against space & water heating lighting The target CO2 target includes an estimate of the CO2 emissions from lighting. This is calculated by SAP 2005, taking into account actual areas of windows and the light transmission properties of the glazing used. In principle it would have been possible to have allowed designers to trade-off more efficient lighting against space and water heating. This is not allowed in the 2005 revision to Part L. The reason for this is a concern that energy efficient lights may be replaced by occupants, and that one is therefore allowing designers to trade-off robust, long lived measures such as extra insulation, against measures that are less robust. It is possible that the tradability of lighting will be reconsidered in 2010.The target CO2 target includes an estimate of the CO2 emissions from lighting. This is calculated by SAP 2005, taking into account actual areas of windows and the light transmission properties of the glazing used. In principle it would have been possible to have allowed designers to trade-off more efficient lighting against space and water heating. This is not allowed in the 2005 revision to Part L. The reason for this is a concern that energy efficient lights may be replaced by occupants, and that one is therefore allowing designers to trade-off robust, long lived measures such as extra insulation, against measures that are less robust. It is possible that the tradability of lighting will be reconsidered in 2010.

    24. The target CO2 target includes an estimate of the CO2 emissions from lighting. This is calculated by SAP 2005, taking into account actual areas of windows and the light transmission properties of the glazing used. In principle it would have been possible to have allowed designers to trade-off more efficient lighting against space and water heating. This is not allowed in the 2005 revision to Part L. The reason for this is a concern that energy efficient lights may be replaced by occupants, and that one is therefore allowing designers to trade-off robust, long lived measures such as extra insulation, against measures that are less robust. It is possible that the tradability of lighting will be reconsidered in 2010.The target CO2 target includes an estimate of the CO2 emissions from lighting. This is calculated by SAP 2005, taking into account actual areas of windows and the light transmission properties of the glazing used. In principle it would have been possible to have allowed designers to trade-off more efficient lighting against space and water heating. This is not allowed in the 2005 revision to Part L. The reason for this is a concern that energy efficient lights may be replaced by occupants, and that one is therefore allowing designers to trade-off robust, long lived measures such as extra insulation, against measures that are less robust. It is possible that the tradability of lighting will be reconsidered in 2010.

    25. The target CO2 target includes an estimate of the CO2 emissions from lighting. This is calculated by SAP 2005, taking into account actual areas of windows and the light transmission properties of the glazing used. In principle it would have been possible to have allowed designers to trade-off more efficient lighting against space and water heating. This is not allowed in the 2005 revision to Part L. The reason for this is a concern that energy efficient lights may be replaced by occupants, and that one is therefore allowing designers to trade-off robust, long lived measures such as extra insulation, against measures that are less robust. It is possible that the tradability of lighting will be reconsidered in 2010.The target CO2 target includes an estimate of the CO2 emissions from lighting. This is calculated by SAP 2005, taking into account actual areas of windows and the light transmission properties of the glazing used. In principle it would have been possible to have allowed designers to trade-off more efficient lighting against space and water heating. This is not allowed in the 2005 revision to Part L. The reason for this is a concern that energy efficient lights may be replaced by occupants, and that one is therefore allowing designers to trade-off robust, long lived measures such as extra insulation, against measures that are less robust. It is possible that the tradability of lighting will be reconsidered in 2010.

    26. The target CO2 target includes an estimate of the CO2 emissions from lighting. This is calculated by SAP 2005, taking into account actual areas of windows and the light transmission properties of the glazing used. In principle it would have been possible to have allowed designers to trade-off more efficient lighting against space and water heating. This is not allowed in the 2005 revision to Part L. The reason for this is a concern that energy efficient lights may be replaced by occupants, and that one is therefore allowing designers to trade-off robust, long lived measures such as extra insulation, against measures that are less robust. It is possible that the tradability of lighting will be reconsidered in 2010.The target CO2 target includes an estimate of the CO2 emissions from lighting. This is calculated by SAP 2005, taking into account actual areas of windows and the light transmission properties of the glazing used. In principle it would have been possible to have allowed designers to trade-off more efficient lighting against space and water heating. This is not allowed in the 2005 revision to Part L. The reason for this is a concern that energy efficient lights may be replaced by occupants, and that one is therefore allowing designers to trade-off robust, long lived measures such as extra insulation, against measures that are less robust. It is possible that the tradability of lighting will be reconsidered in 2010.

    27. The target CO2 target includes an estimate of the CO2 emissions from lighting. This is calculated by SAP 2005, taking into account actual areas of windows and the light transmission properties of the glazing used. In principle it would have been possible to have allowed designers to trade-off more efficient lighting against space and water heating. This is not allowed in the 2005 revision to Part L. The reason for this is a concern that energy efficient lights may be replaced by occupants, and that one is therefore allowing designers to trade-off robust, long lived measures such as extra insulation, against measures that are less robust. It is possible that the tradability of lighting will be reconsidered in 2010.The target CO2 target includes an estimate of the CO2 emissions from lighting. This is calculated by SAP 2005, taking into account actual areas of windows and the light transmission properties of the glazing used. In principle it would have been possible to have allowed designers to trade-off more efficient lighting against space and water heating. This is not allowed in the 2005 revision to Part L. The reason for this is a concern that energy efficient lights may be replaced by occupants, and that one is therefore allowing designers to trade-off robust, long lived measures such as extra insulation, against measures that are less robust. It is possible that the tradability of lighting will be reconsidered in 2010.

    28. The target CO2 target includes an estimate of the CO2 emissions from lighting. This is calculated by SAP 2005, taking into account actual areas of windows and the light transmission properties of the glazing used. In principle it would have been possible to have allowed designers to trade-off more efficient lighting against space and water heating. This is not allowed in the 2005 revision to Part L. The reason for this is a concern that energy efficient lights may be replaced by occupants, and that one is therefore allowing designers to trade-off robust, long lived measures such as extra insulation, against measures that are less robust. It is possible that the tradability of lighting will be reconsidered in 2010.The target CO2 target includes an estimate of the CO2 emissions from lighting. This is calculated by SAP 2005, taking into account actual areas of windows and the light transmission properties of the glazing used. In principle it would have been possible to have allowed designers to trade-off more efficient lighting against space and water heating. This is not allowed in the 2005 revision to Part L. The reason for this is a concern that energy efficient lights may be replaced by occupants, and that one is therefore allowing designers to trade-off robust, long lived measures such as extra insulation, against measures that are less robust. It is possible that the tradability of lighting will be reconsidered in 2010.

    29. The target CO2 target includes an estimate of the CO2 emissions from lighting. This is calculated by SAP 2005, taking into account actual areas of windows and the light transmission properties of the glazing used. In principle it would have been possible to have allowed designers to trade-off more efficient lighting against space and water heating. This is not allowed in the 2005 revision to Part L. The reason for this is a concern that energy efficient lights may be replaced by occupants, and that one is therefore allowing designers to trade-off robust, long lived measures such as extra insulation, against measures that are less robust. It is possible that the tradability of lighting will be reconsidered in 2010.The target CO2 target includes an estimate of the CO2 emissions from lighting. This is calculated by SAP 2005, taking into account actual areas of windows and the light transmission properties of the glazing used. In principle it would have been possible to have allowed designers to trade-off more efficient lighting against space and water heating. This is not allowed in the 2005 revision to Part L. The reason for this is a concern that energy efficient lights may be replaced by occupants, and that one is therefore allowing designers to trade-off robust, long lived measures such as extra insulation, against measures that are less robust. It is possible that the tradability of lighting will be reconsidered in 2010.

    30. The target CO2 target includes an estimate of the CO2 emissions from lighting. This is calculated by SAP 2005, taking into account actual areas of windows and the light transmission properties of the glazing used. In principle it would have been possible to have allowed designers to trade-off more efficient lighting against space and water heating. This is not allowed in the 2005 revision to Part L. The reason for this is a concern that energy efficient lights may be replaced by occupants, and that one is therefore allowing designers to trade-off robust, long lived measures such as extra insulation, against measures that are less robust. It is possible that the tradability of lighting will be reconsidered in 2010.The target CO2 target includes an estimate of the CO2 emissions from lighting. This is calculated by SAP 2005, taking into account actual areas of windows and the light transmission properties of the glazing used. In principle it would have been possible to have allowed designers to trade-off more efficient lighting against space and water heating. This is not allowed in the 2005 revision to Part L. The reason for this is a concern that energy efficient lights may be replaced by occupants, and that one is therefore allowing designers to trade-off robust, long lived measures such as extra insulation, against measures that are less robust. It is possible that the tradability of lighting will be reconsidered in 2010.

    31. Although fabric heat loss is not the only factor SAP takes into account when calculating CO2 emissions, it is still very important. The new ADL1a tightens up the rules for calculating heat loss, by requiring an estimate of heat loss through non-repeating thermal bridges. Although fabric heat loss is not the only factor SAP takes into account when calculating CO2 emissions, it is still very important. The new ADL1a tightens up the rules for calculating heat loss, by requiring an estimate of heat loss through non-repeating thermal bridges.

    32. repeating thermal bridging included in U values – as 2002 edition separate, additional allowance for non-repeating bridges defaults depend on use of Accredited Construction Details option to calculate thermal bridges provides additional scope for innovation Repeating thermal bridges are dealt with in the same way as under the 2002 Part L. For non-repeating thermal bridges, the AD allows designers several different options. Designers who do not want to calculate the heat losses can use one of two default values, depending on whether they are using Accredited Construction Details or not. Designers who want to work out their own details can submit calculations using appropriate software, and use good detail design as contribution to meeting their CO2 target. This provides additional scope for technical innovation in the areas of construction and detail design. Repeating thermal bridges are dealt with in the same way as under the 2002 Part L. For non-repeating thermal bridges, the AD allows designers several different options. Designers who do not want to calculate the heat losses can use one of two default values, depending on whether they are using Accredited Construction Details or not. Designers who want to work out their own details can submit calculations using appropriate software, and use good detail design as contribution to meeting their CO2 target. This provides additional scope for technical innovation in the areas of construction and detail design.

    33. if Accredited Construction Details are used: add 0.08 W/m2K to all U values, OR use tabulated ? values for junctions from SAP and calculate contribution to fabric heat loss using HTB = S ?.l The allowances for thermal bridging can be thought of as additions to the normal U values. Effectively, for a building built using Accredited Construction Details, SAP adds 0.08 to all U values. Various software packages are available for calculating thermal bridges. In practice, we suspect that most designers will use Accredited Construction Details.The allowances for thermal bridging can be thought of as additions to the normal U values. Effectively, for a building built using Accredited Construction Details, SAP adds 0.08 to all U values. Various software packages are available for calculating thermal bridges. In practice, we suspect that most designers will use Accredited Construction Details.

    34. if Accredited Construction Details are not used add 0.15 W/m2K to all U values, OR calculate ? values for junctions using appropriate simulation software and calculate contribution to fabric heat loss using HTB = S ?.l Where Accredited Construction Details are not used and no other attempt is made to calculate thermal bridging, SAP adds a figure of 0.15 to all U values. This is a significant penalty.Where Accredited Construction Details are not used and no other attempt is made to calculate thermal bridging, SAP adds a figure of 0.15 to all U values. This is a significant penalty.

    35. Robust Construction Details for Part L were introduced in 2002 to reduce air leakage and thermal bridging from new dwellings. Unfortunately, evidence shows that they have not functioned effectively. A number of changes are to be made to the way Accredited Construction Details are used to improve the situation. These will include construction checklists and systems of site inspections. Aim of the construction checklists is to improve the as-built performance.Robust Construction Details for Part L were introduced in 2002 to reduce air leakage and thermal bridging from new dwellings. Unfortunately, evidence shows that they have not functioned effectively. A number of changes are to be made to the way Accredited Construction Details are used to improve the situation. These will include construction checklists and systems of site inspections. Aim of the construction checklists is to improve the as-built performance.

    36. This slide shows the principles of pressurisation testing. A fan is used to pressurise (or de-pressurise) the dwelling, typically by 50 Pa with respect to atmospheric air pressure. A pressure of 50 Pa is equivalent to standing in a stiff, ?20 mph wind. The air flow in m3/h needed to maintain the pressure difference is then measured, and divided by the total envelope area of the dwelling to give the permeability in m3/h/m2 at 50 Pa. Procedures for undertaking pressure tests are set out in the ATTMA guidelines.This slide shows the principles of pressurisation testing. A fan is used to pressurise (or de-pressurise) the dwelling, typically by 50 Pa with respect to atmospheric air pressure. A pressure of 50 Pa is equivalent to standing in a stiff, ?20 mph wind. The air flow in m3/h needed to maintain the pressure difference is then measured, and divided by the total envelope area of the dwelling to give the permeability in m3/h/m2 at 50 Pa. Procedures for undertaking pressure tests are set out in the ATTMA guidelines.

    38. air permeability better than 10 m/h at 50 Pa pressure testing of 2-5% of dwellings default air leakage of 15 m/h at 50 Pa for small builders SAP takes account of air permeability in estimating CO2 emissions. Generally, leakier dwellings will emit more CO2. Airtight dwellings will emit less CO2. Airtight construction can contribute to meeting CO2 targets.SAP takes account of air permeability in estimating CO2 emissions. Generally, leakier dwellings will emit more CO2. Airtight dwellings will emit less CO2. Airtight construction can contribute to meeting CO2 targets.

    39. Continuity and integrity of insulation layers is crucial to ensuring that design CO2 emissions targets are met in practice. This sketch shows how air flow around poorly fitting insulation can dramatically increase U values. This particular effect is known as a convective by-pass (inside is on the left hand side of the sketch, outside on the right).Continuity and integrity of insulation layers is crucial to ensuring that design CO2 emissions targets are met in practice. This sketch shows how air flow around poorly fitting insulation can dramatically increase U values. This particular effect is known as a convective by-pass (inside is on the left hand side of the sketch, outside on the right).

    40. The target CO2 target includes an estimate of the CO2 emissions from lighting. This is calculated by SAP 2005, taking into account actual areas of windows and the light transmission properties of the glazing used. In principle it would have been possible to have allowed designers to trade-off more efficient lighting against space and water heating. This is not allowed in the 2005 revision to Part L. The reason for this is a concern that energy efficient lights may be replaced by occupants, and that one is therefore allowing designers to trade-off robust, long lived measures such as extra insulation, against measures that are less robust. It is possible that the tradability of lighting will be reconsidered in 2010.The target CO2 target includes an estimate of the CO2 emissions from lighting. This is calculated by SAP 2005, taking into account actual areas of windows and the light transmission properties of the glazing used. In principle it would have been possible to have allowed designers to trade-off more efficient lighting against space and water heating. This is not allowed in the 2005 revision to Part L. The reason for this is a concern that energy efficient lights may be replaced by occupants, and that one is therefore allowing designers to trade-off robust, long lived measures such as extra insulation, against measures that are less robust. It is possible that the tradability of lighting will be reconsidered in 2010.

    41. dwellings heated with lpg, oil or electricity will need to go beyond performance indicators for gas… This section of the presentation illustrates the kinds of packages that would be required to meet CO2 targets in dwellings heated with fuels other than gas.This section of the presentation illustrates the kinds of packages that would be required to meet CO2 targets in dwellings heated with fuels other than gas.

    42. 80 m2 semi-detached house, electric heating soft coat low emissivity windows, U value 1.4 W/m2K wall U value reduced to 0.25 reduced thermal bridging

    43. 80 m2 semi-detached house, oil heating soft coat low emissivity windows, U value 1.5 W/m2K wall U value reduced to 0.26 reduced thermal bridging boiler efficiency raised from 86 to 90%

    44. The target CO2 target includes an estimate of the CO2 emissions from lighting. This is calculated by SAP 2005, taking into account actual areas of windows and the light transmission properties of the glazing used. In principle it would have been possible to have allowed designers to trade-off more efficient lighting against space and water heating. This is not allowed in the 2005 revision to Part L. The reason for this is a concern that energy efficient lights may be replaced by occupants, and that one is therefore allowing designers to trade-off robust, long lived measures such as extra insulation, against measures that are less robust. It is possible that the tradability of lighting will be reconsidered in 2010.The target CO2 target includes an estimate of the CO2 emissions from lighting. This is calculated by SAP 2005, taking into account actual areas of windows and the light transmission properties of the glazing used. In principle it would have been possible to have allowed designers to trade-off more efficient lighting against space and water heating. This is not allowed in the 2005 revision to Part L. The reason for this is a concern that energy efficient lights may be replaced by occupants, and that one is therefore allowing designers to trade-off robust, long lived measures such as extra insulation, against measures that are less robust. It is possible that the tradability of lighting will be reconsidered in 2010.

    45. The target CO2 target includes an estimate of the CO2 emissions from lighting. This is calculated by SAP 2005, taking into account actual areas of windows and the light transmission properties of the glazing used. In principle it would have been possible to have allowed designers to trade-off more efficient lighting against space and water heating. This is not allowed in the 2005 revision to Part L. The reason for this is a concern that energy efficient lights may be replaced by occupants, and that one is therefore allowing designers to trade-off robust, long lived measures such as extra insulation, against measures that are less robust. It is possible that the tradability of lighting will be reconsidered in 2010.The target CO2 target includes an estimate of the CO2 emissions from lighting. This is calculated by SAP 2005, taking into account actual areas of windows and the light transmission properties of the glazing used. In principle it would have been possible to have allowed designers to trade-off more efficient lighting against space and water heating. This is not allowed in the 2005 revision to Part L. The reason for this is a concern that energy efficient lights may be replaced by occupants, and that one is therefore allowing designers to trade-off robust, long lived measures such as extra insulation, against measures that are less robust. It is possible that the tradability of lighting will be reconsidered in 2010.

    46. The target CO2 target includes an estimate of the CO2 emissions from lighting. This is calculated by SAP 2005, taking into account actual areas of windows and the light transmission properties of the glazing used. In principle it would have been possible to have allowed designers to trade-off more efficient lighting against space and water heating. This is not allowed in the 2005 revision to Part L. The reason for this is a concern that energy efficient lights may be replaced by occupants, and that one is therefore allowing designers to trade-off robust, long lived measures such as extra insulation, against measures that are less robust. It is possible that the tradability of lighting will be reconsidered in 2010.The target CO2 target includes an estimate of the CO2 emissions from lighting. This is calculated by SAP 2005, taking into account actual areas of windows and the light transmission properties of the glazing used. In principle it would have been possible to have allowed designers to trade-off more efficient lighting against space and water heating. This is not allowed in the 2005 revision to Part L. The reason for this is a concern that energy efficient lights may be replaced by occupants, and that one is therefore allowing designers to trade-off robust, long lived measures such as extra insulation, against measures that are less robust. It is possible that the tradability of lighting will be reconsidered in 2010.

    47. ADL1a encourages: integrated design partnering and collaboration strategic approach to innovation market segmentation

    48. pre-requisites for success: enforcement on-going evaluation of impacts continued political and financial support for change stability of underlying conceptual structure early publication of proposals for 2010

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