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Innovation policy for a small developing nation Case of SRI LANKA Wasantha Amaradasa,PhD Seetha I.Wickremasinghe,

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Innovation policy for a small developing nation Case of SRI LANKA Wasantha Amaradasa,PhD Seetha I.Wickremasinghe,

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    1. Innovation policy for a small developing nation – Case of SRI LANKA Wasantha Amaradasa,PhD Seetha I.Wickremasinghe, PhD (DEIP Programme, UNU-MERIT 22-26 October 2007)

    2. Country Profile

    3. Country Profile… Sri Lanka is located in Indian Ocean , Southern Asia in 7 00 N, 81 00 E Total land is 65,610 square km Total, Population is 1.9 million Literacy rate 92.3% Population Composition: Sinhalese 73.8%, Sri Lankan Moors 7.2%, Indian Tamil 4.6%, Sri Lankan Tamil 3.9%, other 0.5%, unspecified 10% (2001 census provisional data) GDP per capita above US$ 1000

    4. Economic Profile of the Country In 1977, country economic policies moves from its import substitution trade policy to Market oriented open economy . Sri Lanka's most dynamic sectors now are food processing, textiles and apparel, food and beverages, telecommunications, and insurance and banking.

    5. Technology Innovation and R&D are recognized as a Prime objective of poverty elevation and Development of the country. Accordingly government has formulated its strategies as : Strengthening and modernizing science and technology organizations with targeted development strategies and policy directions Identifying strategic technology development areas and preparing the science and technology institutions for the delivery and transfer of technology Developing human resources for maximum productivity in science and technology, and for its effective management Building a scientific culture, promoting it application in private and public sector activity GOVERNMENT SUPPORT

    6. S&T Structure in Sri Lanka

    7. GOVERNMENT SUPPORT - R&D and Technology development 22 main R&D institutes and 15 universities engage in R&D activities in the public domain Public funding contributes 67.5% of total R&D expenditure - Funding agencies National Science Foundation (NSF) Sri Lanka Council for Agricultural Research Policy (CARP) National Research Council (NRC) …ctd

    8. Sri Lanka Inventors’ Commission Promotion and Encouragement of Innovativeness among Sri Lankan by Providing Technical, Financial and Legal Assistance. International investments agreement - Board of Investment (BOI) Facilitate the creation in Sri Lanka of a platform for competitive value addition in the South Asian Region. Market structure - Export Development Board (EDB) Developing and improving the export performance of industrial products Policy formulation and planning support to enhance the competitiveness of exports from Sri Lanka  .. ctd

    9. Intellectual Property Office to make sure on effective protection to economic rights of creators and to their creations to foster the economic, cultural and technological development of the country as well as the international cooperation on intellectual property by promoting an environment conductive to innovate and creative activity and entrepreneurship through efficient administration of intellectual property. Infrastructure facilities ICT road map

    10. EDUCATION SYSTEM Free Education : Government spends large amounts of money for school education, vocational education, university education Sri Lanka Researchers per 1,000,000 inhabitants: 335 where as it is 4596 in USA Recording the highest literacy rate of 92% of South West Asia

    11. Problems to be addressed High unemployment rate big gap between quality of the industrial manpower demand and the available manpower market especially where graduates are concerned i.e. while the industry needed sophisticated/interdisciplinary technology knowledge, what the universities were disseminating is more theoretical and departmentalized Need white color jobs only

    12. INNOVATIVE FIRMS

    13. Positive initiatives R&D : Companies who do not have the R&D facilities facilitated by some sort of “ Industrial incubator system” A number of smaller firms now collaborate more with the local R&D institutes & universities

    14. Weaknesses Low GERD/GDP ratio Limited number of R&D personnel Less developed industrial sector Inadequate R&D by industry Limited S&T infrastructure Weak IPR culture Inadequate support for innovations Culture- rely on Government support

    15. Characteristics Absence of innovative policy frame work Incremental changes in practices attitudinal change is needed SME focus Government intervention is needed to improve the managerial and entrepreneurial qualities of researchers

    16. to be done… Education: techno-entrepreneurships, business planning etc. to be integrated into the education system. (but gradual moving ) Financing risk In Sri Lanka legal protection is not adequate to prevent from being misused by patent pirates both nationally and internationally. lack of knowledge on IP related issues

    17. Recent Developments Re-structuring funding approaches Emphasizing application of research results Empowering the inventors (IP , proto type) Focus on SMEs (white paper) Diversification of funding R&D Emphasis on UIIP (Policy) Address legal framework (ACT)

    18. Support for Pilot Scale Projects Based on local R&D Focus on commercialization Support covers material, equipment and fabrication

    19. Funding R&D in Industry Areas covered Feasibility studies (including business planning) Environmental impact assessment studies Market research and Post-marketing surveillance studies Quality improvement of products, processes and services Acquisition of technologies and relevant training Support for Intellectual Property Protection

    20. Empowering inventors Support for IP applications IP information center Ownership to the inventor Compensation Support for rural sector inventions

    21. Support for inventions Objectives : Protect new innovative ideas, translate them into products and facilitate marketing those products Strategies : Support applications for IPR rights by school children and adults Support such inventions for improving designs /engineering innovative ideas and translate into a product. Establish a collaborative programme with research I institutes and universities for the above + Encourage investors to promote potential commercial applications/use

    22. Entrepreneurship by Researchers Objectives: Researchers to start private companies to use their knowledge for product development and services. Strategy: Funding establishment of spin-off companies. Activity : Provide loans (up to Rs 1 m) Funding at three different stages. Stage 1 - Developing a Business Plan Stage 2 - Initial seed money to develop product/ service Stage 3 - Commencement of Commercialization

    23. FINANCIAL SYSTEM The financial intermediaries and the normal commercial banks are too risk avert for technology development/innovative projects Capital Market and Venture Capital (VC’s) financing – very little

    24. Intentions UIIP Policy & Legal framework Networking to handle financing Packaging deliverables to address poverty “Entrepreneural villages” Innovation surveys will be planned every 2-3 years to identify the related indicators and gaps ( **DEIP programme input is very useful for the last intention )

    25. Thank you !

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