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The Revolution and Emancipation

The Revolution and Emancipation. What forces worked for black freedom in the first ears after the revolution?. Explain the role of Quakers in the Anti-Slavery Movement. Philosophy: believed in human conscience, human brotherhood and non-violence

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The Revolution and Emancipation

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  1. The Revolution and Emancipation

  2. What forces worked for black freedom in the first ears after the revolution?

  3. Explain the role of Quakers in the Anti-Slavery Movement • Philosophy: believed in human conscience, human brotherhood and non-violence • Economic interests: engaged in international business ventures that required educated, efficient, moral workers (opposite of what slavery produces!) • They concluded slavery was sinful • Even though many had previously engaged in it • Responsible for the development of anti-slavery societies

  4. What arguments did Anti-slavery societies make in favor of abolition? • Blacks risked their lives in the Revolutionary War • African Americans made religious and economic progress in the North • Prevent black rebellions

  5. What was the Impact of the Revolutionary War on Slavery? • North moves towards abolition • 20,000 blacks left with British • Expanding free black class • 100,000 slaves escaped from masters in the South • (In South Carolina, 25,000 escaped, 30% of the state’s black population left)

  6. Where did most newly freed slaves settle after the war? • Chesapeake (DE, MA, VA) • Substantial free black population emerges • Black Population in VA

  7. Where did other newly freed slaves settle after the war? • South Carolina & Georgia • Free black class remained tiny • Most free black people were the children of white slave owners • Less independent of former masters (that Chesapeake blacks) • Lighter complexion

  8. Why do some move to the cities? • In the North & Chesapeake, free blacks often moved to cities • Mostly black women • They could more easily find jobs as domestics in the cities than in rural areas • Cities offer opportunities for community development

  9. Why does it take generations for stable, urban, two-parent households to emerge? • Although African Americans often used their new mobility to reunite families disrupted by slavery, relocating to a city could disrupt families that had survived enslavement

  10. What economic challenges did newly freed black people face in the years after the Revolution? • Emerged from slavery w/o economic resources to become independent farmers, shopkeepers, or tradespeople • North: Economic restraints force some to remain with formers masters after emancipation • White artisans use legal & illegal tactics against black competition • Difficult for blacks with skills to find employment

  11. If you could name yourself, what name would you pick?

  12. Signify freedom • Freedom, liberty, justice • Honor African ancestry and complexion • Africa, Guinea, Brown, Coal • Social aspirations • Use biblical surnames of white people

  13. African Americans in the New Nation

  14. 1783-1820 • Forces for Freedom • Forces for Slavery • The Emergence of Free Black Communities • Black Leaders and Choices • War and Politics

  15. Forces for Freedom

  16. Why was slavery no-longer economically essential in the north? • Farmers could more efficiently hire hands during the labor-intensive seasons of planting and harvesting than they could maintain a year-round slave labor force • Northern slaveholders were a small class with limited political power • Transatlantic migration: brings North plenty of white laborers who work cheaply and resent slave competition

  17. Why did emancipation happen more quickly in New England than in the mid-Atlantic states? • New England States • African Americans refused to remain in servitude • Most white residents agreed with them • Mid-Atlantic states • More people had a vested interest in maintaining slavery • Investment in slaves was greater

  18. What were the most important features of the Northwest Ordinance? • Orderly sale of land, support for public education, territorial government, and the eventual formation of new states • Banned slavery immediately • North of Ohio River

  19. What factors contributed to emphasis among antislavery activists on gradual emancipation?

  20. Timeline: Abolition of Slavery in the North

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